{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:22:36Z","timestamp":1788996156594,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01A046468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01A046468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Prim Care Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When prescribed with opioids, sedative-hypnotics substantially increase the risk of overdose. The objective of this paper was to describe characteristics and trends in opioid sedative-hypnotic co-prescribing in a network of safety-net clinics serving low-income, publicly insured, and uninsured individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective longitudinal analysis of prescription orders examined opioid sedative-hypnotic co-prescribing rates between 2009 and 2018 in the OCHIN network of safety-net community health centers. Sedative-hypnotics included benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine sedatives (eg, zolpidem). Co-prescribing patterns were assessed overall and across patient demographic and co-morbidity characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2009 to 2018, 240\u2009587 patients had \u22651 opioid prescriptions. Most were White (65%), female (59%), and had Medicaid insurance (43%). One in 4 were chronic opioid users (25%). During this period, 55\u2009332 (23%) were co-prescribed a sedative-hypnotic. The prevalence of co-prescribing was highest for females (26% vs 19% for males), non-Hispanic Whites (28% vs 13% for Hispanic to 20% for unknown), those over 44\u2009years of age (25% vs 20% for &lt;44\u2009years), Medicare insurance (30% vs 21% for uninsured to 22% for other\/unknown), and among those on chronic opioid therapy (40%). Co-prescribing peaked in 2010 (32%) and declined steadily through 2018 (20%). Trends were similar across demographic subgroups. Co-prescribed sedative-hypnotics remained elevated for those with chronic opioid use (27%), non-Hispanic Whites (24%), females (23%), and those with Medicare (23%) or commercial insurance (22%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Co-prescribed sedative-hypnotic use has declined steadily since 2010 across all demographic subgroups in the OCHIN population. Concurrent use remains elevated in several population subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319221147378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T05:01:05Z","timestamp":1673326865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sedative-hypnotic Co-prescribing with Opioids in a Large Network of Community Health Centers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0685-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Hartung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4064-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Huguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffani R.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OCHIN, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OCHIN, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Chamine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Muench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"},{"name":"OCHIN, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21501319221147378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0919"},{"key":"bibr2-21501319221147378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2698"},{"key":"bibr3-21501319221147378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j760"},{"key":"bibr4-21501319221147378","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 2018-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. 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