{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:17:12Z","timestamp":1785025032891,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015595","name":"GHR Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Prim Care Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with acute infection, COVID-19 has been associated with persistent symptoms (&gt;30\u2009days), often referred to as Long COVID (LC). LC symptoms often cluster into phenotypes, resembling conditions such as fibromyalgia, postural orthostatic tachycardiac syndrome (POTS), and myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS). LC clinics have been established to best address the needs of LC patients and continuity of care. We developed a cross-sectional survey to assess treatment response through our LC Clinic (LCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 25-question survey (1-10 Likert scale) was expert- and content-validated by LCC clinicians, patients, and patient advocates. The survey assessed LC symptoms and the helpfulness of different interventions, including medications and supplements. A total of 852 LCC patients were asked to complete the survey, with 536 (62.9%) responding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean time from associated COVID-19 infection to survey completion was 23.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4\u2009months. The mean age of responders was 52.3\u2009\u00b1\u200914.1 (63% females). Self-reported symptoms were all significantly improved ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) from the initial visit to the LCC (baseline) to the time of the follow-up survey. However, only 4.5% (24\/536) of patients rated all symptoms low (1-2) at the time of the survey, indicating low levels of full recovery in our cohort. The patients rated numerous interventions as being helpful, including low-dose naltrexone (45\/77; 58%), vagal nerve stimulation (18\/34; 53%), and fisetin (28\/44; 64%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients report general improvements in symptoms following the initial LCC visit, but complete recovery rates remain low at 23.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319241258671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T08:37:00Z","timestamp":1717058220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Longitudinal Progression of Patients with Long COVID Treated in a Post-COVID Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ryan T.","family":"Hurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhant","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell R.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana T.","family":"Croghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8337-6219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Grach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Aakre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Overgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerissa M.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna K.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lasonya T.","family":"Natividad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Mohamed Elfadil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6877-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravindra","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113426"},{"key":"bibr2-21501319241258671","volume":"370","author":"Greenhalgh T","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr3-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z"},{"key":"bibr4-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11417"},{"key":"bibr5-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00385-4"},{"key":"bibr6-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084350"},{"key":"bibr7-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211030413"},{"key":"bibr8-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4297"},{"key":"bibr9-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.11.033"},{"key":"bibr10-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.04.007"},{"key":"bibr11-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01909-w"},{"key":"bibr12-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-021-00822-5"},{"key":"bibr13-21501319241258671","volume-title":"Updated Estimates of the Prevalence of Long COVID Symptoms","author":"Office of National Statisctics","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr14-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7232a3"},{"key":"bibr15-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43661-w"},{"key":"bibr16-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019"},{"key":"bibr17-21501319241258671","unstructured":"Bach K. New Data Shows Long Covid is Keeping as Many as 4 Million People Out of Work. Brookings Institution; 2022:24."},{"key":"bibr18-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.12.022"},{"key":"bibr19-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1129459"},{"key":"bibr20-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211030826"},{"key":"bibr21-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2022.05.007"},{"key":"bibr22-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2023.04.003"},{"key":"bibr23-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-248448"},{"key":"bibr24-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615591602"},{"key":"bibr25-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"bibr26-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100724"},{"key":"bibr27-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33415-5"},{"key":"bibr28-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50886-8"},{"key":"bibr29-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.07.032"},{"key":"bibr30-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004700"},{"key":"bibr31-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2020.12.003"},{"key":"bibr32-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.939870"},{"key":"bibr33-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.05.002"},{"key":"bibr34-21501319241258671","volume":"8","author":"Heightman M","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"bibr35-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12030376"},{"key":"bibr36-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8823"},{"key":"bibr37-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.04.017"},{"key":"bibr38-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X18807719"},{"key":"bibr39-21501319241258671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2020.12.043"}],"container-title":["Journal of Primary Care &amp; Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21501319241258671","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21501319241258671","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21501319241258671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:22:34Z","timestamp":1777508554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21501319241258671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21501319241258671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21501319241258671","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-1319","2150-1327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-1319","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-1327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"21501319241258671"}}