{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:53:48Z","timestamp":1792889628540,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI182453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI182453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["National Network of STD Clinical Prevention Traini"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Network of STD Clinical Prevention Traini"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PS20-2004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS20-2004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Prim Care Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent threat to public health. Novel prevention and treatment strategies are emerging, including immunizations, pharmacologic post-exposure prophylaxis, rapid molecular resistance assays, and novel antibiotics. However, where and how such strategies are optimally implemented remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective interrupted time series analysis of gonorrhea cases reported to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. We collected names of treating providers from 2011 (n\u2009=\u2009100) and 2022 (n\u2009=\u2009108), and cross-referenced provider names with publicly available records from the Massachusetts Boards of Registration in Medicine and Nursing to identify provider type, specialty, year of terminal degree or licensure, and clinic type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 208 providers, 111 (53.4%) were advanced care practitioners. Providers treated cases predominantly in community health centers (n\u2009=\u200965, 31.3%) and emergency departments or urgent care centers (n\u2009=\u200960, 28.8%). Only 11 (12.4%) of 89 physicians were trained in either adult or pediatric infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that the majority of gonorrhea cases in the Massachusetts are treated in non-specialty settings. The time is now to plan for implementation of the emerging strategies to avoid underutilization and assure uptake of interventions in settings positioned to reach persons diagnosed with gonorrhea who will benefit most.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319241303609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T08:53:26Z","timestamp":1733907206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Role of Emergency and Primary Care in Combating the Rise of Gonorrhea: Another Purview Paradox?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4077-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lao-Tzu","family":"Allan-Blitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karly","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Adamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7933-422X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21501319241303609","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. Report. 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"bibr2-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00785-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr3-21501319241303609","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"Webster LA","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR CDC Surveill Summ"},{"key":"bibr4-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae123"},{"key":"bibr5-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30725-9"},{"key":"bibr6-21501319241303609","unstructured":"Molina J, Bercot B, Assoumou L, et al. ANRS 174 DOXYVAC: an open-label randomized trial to prevent STIs IN MSM ON PrEP. Presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 19-22 2023, Seattle Washington. Abstract. 2023. Accessed April 19, 2024. https:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/abstract\/anrs-174-doxyvac-an-open-label-randomized-trial-to-prevent-stis-in-msm-on-prep\/"},{"key":"bibr7-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211934"},{"key":"bibr8-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac371"},{"key":"bibr9-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1"},{"key":"bibr10-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419886775"},{"key":"bibr11-21501319241303609","unstructured":"Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine. Australian STI Management Guidelines for Use in Primary Care: Gonorrhoeae. Last Updated April 2024. Accessed November 2021, 2024. https:\/\/sti.guidelines.org.au\/sexually-transmissible-infections\/gonorrhoea\/"},{"key":"bibr12-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy145"},{"key":"bibr13-21501319241303609","unstructured":"Luckey A, Broadhurst H, Daram P, et al. Oral zoliflodacin is non-inferior to a combination of ceftriaxone and azithromycin for treatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhoea: results of a large global Phase 3 randomised controlled trial. 2023. Accessed May 31, 2024. https:\/\/gardp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Zoli001-Topline-ECCMID2024_final_V1.0_23Apr2024_.pdf"},{"key":"bibr14-21501319241303609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad175"},{"key":"bibr15-21501319241303609","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Infections Surveillance, 2022. Last Reviewed January 30, 2024. 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