{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T09:32:06Z","timestamp":1786699926748,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A&M University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Texas A&M Triads for Transformation (T3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Texas A&M Triads for Transformation (T3)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Prim Care Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purposes of this study were to: (1) identify the prevalence of diagnosed and potentially undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among overweight\/obese non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men ages \u226540 years with \u22651 chronic condition; and (2) examine factors associated with potentially undiagnosed OSA among these men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using an internet-delivered survey, data were analyzed from 942 overweight\/obese Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 35% reported an OSA diagnosis; 65% were believed to have potentially undiagnosed OSA because of being overweight\/obese, snoring loudly, and\/or stopping to breathe while sleeping. A logistic regression was fitted to examine the association with potentially undiagnosed OSA, adjusting for sociodemographics, disease characteristics, health status, social support, and lifestyle behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men with more trouble falling asleep (OR=0.94, P&lt;.001), fewer chronic conditions (OR=0.83, P&lt;.001), obesity (OR=0.56, P&lt;.001), and engaged in \u2265150 minutes\/week of physical activity (OR=0.69, P=.029) were less likely to have potentially undiagnosed OSA. Greater reliance on others to manage problems predicted higher odds of undiagnosed OSA (OR=1.03, P=.040), whereas frequently receiving needed health-related support were less likely to have potentially undiagnosed OSA (OR=0.67, P=.007).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSA may remain unrecognized among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with less severe disease profiles and mild disordered breathing symptomatology. Findings highlight the need for routine OSA screening and strategies to reduce disease self-care barriers among men with chronic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319261454534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T10:18:58Z","timestamp":1782987538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potentially Undiagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Men in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8232-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1323-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hui","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Rister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8224-6511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluyomi","family":"Oloruntoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ledric D.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"},{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Sleep Medicine of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley L.","family":"Merianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline D.","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","first-page":"1358","article-title":"The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"7","author":"Pham LV","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pham LV, Schwartz AR. The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 2015;7(8):1358-1372.","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic Disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6578-6_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. What Is Sleep Apnea? https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/sleep-apnea. Accessed 09 January 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102838"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2013.778203"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-137MG"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-N1100"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202012-1483OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-019-0172-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000988"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010440"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606599"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.964783"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023807"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.01.134"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","first-page":"525","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"100","author":"Gharsalli H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gharsalli H, Harizi C, Zaouche R, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in obstructive sleep apnea. La Tunisie Medicale. 2022;100(7):525-533.","journal-title":"La Tunisie Medicale"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.812974"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.766639"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12651"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108348"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","volume-title":"Hidden Health Crisis Costing America Billions. Underdiagnosing and Undertreating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Draining Healthcare System. Frost & Sullivan","author":"Frost & Sullivan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frost & Sullivan. Hidden Health Crisis Costing America Billions. Underdiagnosing and Undertreating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Draining Healthcare System. Frost & Sullivan. CA, USA: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11070204"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0040"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170296"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2021.2002686"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01544.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10526"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202207-612RL"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","unstructured":"Qualtrics Online Panels. Available online at: https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/support\/survey-platform\/distributions-module\/online-panels\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063655"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Reliability and validity of measures from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)","volume":"46","author":"Nelson DE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nelson DE, Holtzman D, Bolen J, Stanwyck CA, Mack KA. Reliability and validity of measures from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Sozial-und Praventivmedizin. 2001;46:S3-S42.","journal-title":"Sozial-und Praventivmedizin"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","volume-title":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/brfss\/questionnaires\/index.htm 24 Sep 2025. Updated."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","volume-title":"Re-Forming Healthcare: Americans Speak out about Chronic Conditions and Challenges to Self-Care: Findings from a National Survey of Americans 44 and Older with Chronic Conditions","author":"National Council on Aging","year":"2009","unstructured":"National Council on Aging. Re-Forming Healthcare: Americans Speak out about Chronic Conditions and Challenges to Self-Care: Findings from a National Survey of Americans 44 and Older with Chronic Conditions; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","article-title":"Chronic disease self-management program (CDSMP)","author":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention [CDC]","year":"2018","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention [CDC]. Chronic disease self-management program (CDSMP). CDC (Centers for Disease Control Prevention). 2018.","journal-title":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control Prevention)"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264313502531"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","volume-title":"Brazos Valley Health Status Assessment: Executive Report","author":"Center for Community Health Development","year":"2006","unstructured":"Center for Community Health Development. Brazos Valley Health Status Assessment: Executive Report; 2006."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","first-page":"460","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity","volume":"46","author":"Hamilton GS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamilton GS, Joosten SA. Obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity. Australian Family Physician. 2017;46(7):460-463.","journal-title":"Australian Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0360"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-007-9012-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3015"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","volume-title":"Physiology, Body Mass Index","author":"Zierle-Ghosh A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zierle-Ghosh A, Jan A. Physiology, Body Mass Index; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"The use and interpretation of anthropometry: report of a WHO expert committee","volume":"854","author":"World Health Organization [WHO]","year":"1995","unstructured":"World Health Organization [WHO]. The use and interpretation of anthropometry: report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1995;854:312-409.","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. Adult BMI Categories. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/bmi\/adult-calculator\/bmi-categories.html. Accessed 26 June 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","volume-title":"Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea","author":"Madani M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Madani M. Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea; 2007."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","first-page":"982052","article-title":"Factors Associated with Women\u2019s Chronic Disease Management: Associations of Healthcare Frustrations, Physician Support, and Self Care Needs","volume":"2013","author":"Smith ML","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith ML, Ory MG, Ahn S, Miles TP. Factors Associated with Women\u2019s Chronic Disease Management: Associations of Healthcare Frustrations, Physician Support, and Self Care Needs. Journal of Aging Research. 2013;2013(1):982052.","journal-title":"Journal of Aging Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","volume-title":"NCOA Issues call-to-action for National Chronic Care Reform Based on Survey of Americans with Chronic Conditions","author":"Philanthropies A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Philanthropies A. NCOA Issues call-to-action for National Chronic Care Reform Based on Survey of Americans with Chronic Conditions. PRNewswire; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture. Rural-Urban Continuum Codes - Documentation. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-continuum-codes\/documentation. Accessed 7 Jan 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004221094109"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4858"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3514"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000915"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3500"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3703-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5078"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14213"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883231211057"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00137"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2020.1823104"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202210-1846ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2022.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.09.011"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_7_68_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in adults","volume":"94","author":"Semelka M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Semelka M, Wilson J, Floyd R. Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. American Family Physician. 2016;94(5):355-360.","journal-title":"American Family Physician"}],"container-title":["Journal of Primary Care &amp; Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21501319261454534","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21501319261454534","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21501319261454534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:49:25Z","timestamp":1786697365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21501319261454534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21501319261454534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21501319261454534","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-1319","2150-1327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-1319","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-1327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"article-number":"21501319261454534"}}