{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:16:36Z","timestamp":1787019396803,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"mayo clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Prim Care Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improving flu vaccination rates in the general population is an important and effective strategy toward reducing morbidity, mortality, and the cost of seasonal influenza. In order to optimize immunization strategies, factors associated with decreased vaccination rates need to be explored. The literature suggests that there is a gender difference in the rate of influenza vaccination but is limited to population-based survey studies and also is inconsistent as to which gender has a higher rate of vaccination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate for a gender-based difference in the rate of influenza vaccination among patients who presented for an annual physical examination during the 2018 to 2019 influenza season.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multi-site, retrospective chart review, a total of 1193 patients (608 female and 585 male) who underwent an annual physical examination in April of 2019 were included. Baseline medical information was collected, as well as demographic characteristics and influenza vaccination status. The proportion of patients who underwent influenza vaccination was compared between males and females using multivariable logistic regression models; odds ratios (ORs) were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The likelihood of influenza vaccination was significantly higher in females (62.8%) compared to males (53.2%) in both unadjusted analysis (OR\u2009=\u20091.49, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and in multivariable analysis adjusting for the potential confounding influences of clinic location, BMI, insurance type, and occupation (OR\u2009=\u20091.42, P\u2009=\u2009.005). Interestingly, a higher influenza vaccination rate for females compared to males was observed in patients age&lt;60\u2009years (OR\u2009=\u20091.70, P\u2009=\u2009.025) and between ages 60 and 75 (OR\u2009=\u20091.66, P\u2009=\u2009.009), but not for patients older than 75\u2009years (OR\u2009=\u20091.12, P\u2009=\u2009.66).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that the rate of influenza vaccination is higher for females than for males who presented for an annual preventive physical exam and who are younger than 75\u2009years old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720958532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T08:02:21Z","timestamp":1600156941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A Retrospective Analysis of Gender-Based Difference in Adherence to Influenza Vaccination during the 2018-2019 Season"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andres","family":"Applewhite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9162-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando F.","family":"Stancampiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Manaois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Dimuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jada","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Heckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Brushaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taimur","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2671-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Raul","family":"Valery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2150132720958532","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NCfIaRD. Past seasons estimated influenza disease burden. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/burden\/past-seasons.html. Published 2020. Accessed May 20, 2020."},{"key":"bibr2-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.05.057"},{"key":"bibr3-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409223311206"},{"key":"bibr4-2150132720958532","first-page":"1","volume":"59","author":"Fiore AE","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr5-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12486"},{"key":"bibr6-2150132720958532","unstructured":"Prevention. NCfHaSCfDCa.Table 68. Influenza vaccination among adults aged 18 and over by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1989\u20132016. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/hus\/2017\/068.pdf. Published 2017. Accessed May 21, 2020."},{"key":"bibr7-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1403697"},{"key":"bibr8-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02316.x"},{"key":"bibr9-2150132720958532","unstructured":"NCHS NHIS, combined Sample Adult and Sample Child Core components. Figure 4.2. percentage of persons aged 6 months and over who received an influenza vaccination during the past 12 months, by age group and sex: United States, 2018. https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/profile\/nhis#!\/vizhome\/FIGURE4_2\/Dashboard4_2. Accessed June 8, 2020."},{"key":"bibr10-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.2876"},{"key":"bibr11-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.06.039"},{"key":"bibr12-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.029"},{"key":"bibr13-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.10.035"},{"key":"bibr14-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170550"},{"key":"bibr15-2150132720958532","first-page":"746","volume":"38","author":"Yeung MP","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"bibr16-2150132720958532","first-page":"198","volume":"52","author":"Ruggieri A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"bibr17-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu066"},{"key":"bibr18-2150132720958532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040711"},{"key":"bibr19-2150132720958532","unstructured":"(NCHS). CCNCfHS. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015-2016. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/search\/datapage.aspx?Component=Examination&CycleBeginYear=2015."}],"container-title":["Journal of Primary Care &amp; Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2150132720958532","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2150132720958532","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2150132720958532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:22:15Z","timestamp":1777508535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2150132720958532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2150132720958532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2150132720958532","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-1319","2150-1327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-1319","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-1327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"article-number":"2150132720958532"}}