{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:45:17Z","timestamp":1777859117217,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Prim Care Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>World Health Organization (WHO) defines intimate partner violence (IPV) as physical, sexual or psychological harm caused by an intimate partner or ex-partner. There are few studies describing interpersonal violence (IPV) among physicians. Our study describes IPV experienced by U.S. physicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a multicenter survey administered to 4 physician groups in 2015 to 2016. In total 400 respondents returned survey results. Measures included current IPV, childhood abuse, mental health, professional role, and demographics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IPV was reported by 24% of respondents. The most frequent abuses reported were: verbal (15%), physical (8%) followed by sexual abuse (4%) and stalking (4%). Logistic regression model found that IPV was more likely to be reported by older participants (aged 66\u201389), those who experienced childhood abuse, working less than full time, and had been diagnosed with a personality disorder. Women and Asian Americans reported slightly higher IPV rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study has implications for both medical education and intervention development. Universal screening and education that addresses clinical implications when treating peers who experience IPV are needed. Workplace interventions that consider unique physician characteristics and experiences are needed, as well as programs that support sustained recovery. This is the first survey to our knowledge that confirms that physicians experience IPV at a rate consistent or higher than the national level. We developed a standardized instrument to assess IPV in male and female physicians at various career stages. We also identified significant predictors that should be included in IPV screening of potential physician victims.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720965077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T08:03:00Z","timestamp":1603180980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Physicians"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6639-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen T.","family":"Reibling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Distelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6273-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mindi","family":"Guptill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara Couden","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2150132720965077","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars\/index.html. Accessed December 20, 2019."},{"key":"bibr2-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.04.049"},{"key":"bibr3-2150132720965077","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Understanding and addressing violence against women. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/77432\/WHO_RHR_12.36_eng.pdf. Accessed August 30, 2020."},{"key":"bibr4-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452224916.n6"},{"key":"bibr5-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00514-7"},{"key":"bibr6-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5216"},{"key":"bibr7-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0588-y"},{"key":"bibr8-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1.1999.8.955"},{"key":"bibr9-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.5.468"},{"key":"bibr10-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2007.12.003"},{"key":"bibr11-2150132720965077","first-page":"416","volume":"44","author":"Candib L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"bibr12-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-015-9671-4"},{"key":"bibr13-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.109-5667"},{"key":"bibr14-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12345"},{"key":"bibr15-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2016-011002"},{"key":"bibr16-2150132720965077","unstructured":"Smith SG, Chen J, Basile KC, et al. The national intimate partner and sexual violence survey (NISVS): 2010-2012 state report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/datasources\/nisvs\/summaryreports.html. Accessed August 30, 2020."},{"key":"bibr17-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14741"},{"key":"bibr18-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168502"},{"key":"bibr19-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.174"},{"key":"bibr20-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858"},{"key":"bibr21-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-014-9633-2"},{"key":"bibr22-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801215576580"},{"key":"bibr23-2150132720965077","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Research Methods in Family Therapy","author":"Nelson TS","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr24-2150132720965077","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"Breiding MJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr25-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.117139"},{"key":"bibr26-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2013.4387"},{"key":"bibr27-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00034"},{"key":"bibr28-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2015.01.012"},{"key":"bibr29-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8371"},{"key":"bibr30-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801216659942"},{"key":"bibr31-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195154276.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr32-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801215618805"},{"key":"bibr33-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JACPR-06-2016-0235"},{"key":"bibr34-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/bsi.v26i0.6804"},{"key":"bibr35-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2013.764952"},{"key":"bibr36-2150132720965077","volume-title":"The Batterer as Parent: Addressing the Impact of Domestic Violence on Family Dynamics","author":"Bancroft L","year":"2002","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr37-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2016.11.007"},{"key":"bibr38-2150132720965077","first-page":"31","volume":"44","author":"Branigan E.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Just Policy"},{"key":"bibr39-2150132720965077","first-page":"5","volume":"2","author":"Dutton DG","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Male Studies"},{"key":"bibr40-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085108325413"},{"key":"bibr41-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511421668"},{"key":"bibr42-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022834215681"},{"key":"bibr43-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514553629"},{"key":"bibr44-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2006.11.032"},{"key":"bibr45-2150132720965077","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick BG","year":"2018","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr46-2150132720965077","unstructured":"Truman JL, Morgan RE, BJS statisticians. Nonfatal domestic violence, 2003-2012. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/ndv0312.pdf. Accessed August 30, 2020."},{"key":"bibr47-2150132720965077","volume-title":"Family Violence and Nursing Practice","author":"Humphreys J","year":"2011","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr48-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000111753.45748.E8"},{"key":"bibr49-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.11.004"},{"key":"bibr50-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000327"},{"key":"bibr51-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4359-8"},{"key":"bibr52-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13490"},{"key":"bibr53-2150132720965077","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Justice. National crime victimization survey, concatenated file, 1992-2015. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https:\/\/ovc.ncjrs.gov. Accessed August 30, 2020."},{"key":"bibr54-2150132720965077","unstructured":"Reaves BA. Police response to domestic violence, 2006-2015. Bureau of Justice Statistics. U.S. Department of Justice. https:\/\/www.bjs.gov. Accessed August 30, 2020."},{"key":"bibr55-2150132720965077","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Spencer C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psych Violence"},{"key":"bibr56-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028994"},{"key":"bibr57-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801216687875"},{"key":"bibr58-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518802852"},{"key":"bibr59-2150132720965077","unstructured":"Bass BL, Hebert JC, Numann PJ, Turner PL. Intimate partner violence scenario. American College of Surgeons. https:\/\/www.facs.org\/education\/program\/fsc\/ipv. Accessed August 30, 2020."},{"key":"bibr60-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519869067"},{"key":"bibr61-2150132720965077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.5.438"}],"container-title":["Journal of Primary Care &amp; Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2150132720965077","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2150132720965077","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2150132720965077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:25:04Z","timestamp":1777508704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2150132720965077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2150132720965077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2150132720965077","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-1319","2150-1327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-1319","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-1327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"article-number":"2150132720965077"}}