{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:07:14Z","timestamp":1777878434590,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The outcome of children born with conotruncal heart defects may serve as an indication of the status of pediatric cardiac care in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study was undertaken to determine the outcome of children born with conotruncal anomalies in SSA, regarding access to treatment and outcomes of surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From our institution in Ghana, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of surgery, in the two-year period from June 2013 to May 2015. The birth prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in SSA countries was derived by extrapolation using an incidence of 8 per 1,000 live births for CHDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The birth prevalence of CHDs for the 48 countries in SSA using 2013 country data was 258,875; 10% of these are presumed to be conotruncal anomalies. Six countries (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya) accounted for 53.5% of the birth prevalence. In Ghana, 20 patients (tetralogy of Fallot [TOF], 17; pulmonary atresia, 3) underwent palliation and 50 (TOF, 36; double-outlet right ventricle, 14) underwent repair. Hospital mortality was 0% for palliation and 4% for repair. Only 6 (0.5%) of the expected 1,234 cases of conotruncal defects underwent palliation or repair within two years of birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six countries in SSA account for more than 50% of the CHD burden. Access to treatment within two years of birth is probably &lt;1%. The experience from Ghana demonstrates that remarkable surgical outcomes are achievable in low- to middle-income countries of SSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135116648309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T17:34:59Z","timestamp":1472751299000},"page":"592-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Conotruncal Heart Defect Repair in Sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Edwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kow","family":"Entsua-Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence A.","family":"Sereboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Tettey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernest A.","family":"Aniteye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin M.","family":"Tamatey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Innocent","family":"Adzamli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Akyaa-Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kofi B.","family":"Gyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Ofosu-Appiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kotei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, National Cardiothoracic Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2150135116648309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-301662"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr2-2150135116648309","first-page":"18","volume":"7","author":"Hewitson J","year":"2010","journal-title":"SA Heart"},{"key":"bibr3-2150135116648309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157340310791162703"},{"key":"bibr4-2150135116648309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90199-X"},{"key":"bibr5-2150135116648309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2007.12.001"},{"key":"bibr6-2150135116648309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/pamj.v9i1.71190"},{"key":"bibr7-2150135116648309","unstructured":"The World Bank. 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