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Although there may be several potential etiologies in the critically ill patient in the pediatric or cardiothoracic intensive care unit, metabolic alkalosis most commonly results from diuretic therapy with chloride loss. In most cases, the etiology can be determined by a review of the patient\u2019s history and medication record. Although generally innocuous with limited impact on physiologic function, metabolic alkalosis may impair central control of ventilation, especially when weaning from mechanical ventilation. The following manuscript presents the normal homeostatic mechanisms that control pH, reviews the etiology of metabolic alkalosis, and outlines the differential diagnosis. Options and alternatives for treatment including pharmacologic interventions are presented with a focus on these conditions as they pertain to the patient in the pediatric or cardiac intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135120942488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T13:40:36Z","timestamp":1604842836000},"page":"776-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metabolic Alkalosis in the Pediatric Patient: Treatment Options in the Pediatric ICU or Pediatric Cardiothoracic ICU Setting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Tobias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 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