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Being able to anticipate adverse outcomes is clearly important, especially when using low-cost and easily accessible resources. The neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is defined as the ratio of the absolute neutrophil to lymphocyte count, which can be easily measured using a regular white blood cell count. Recently, preoperative NLR has been shown to be a predictor of outcomes in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery. Although it presented promising results, there are still many gaps to be filled like the normal value for children, the ideal cutoff value to predict adverse outcomes, the wide variation and its correlation with other biomarkers, and if it is a modifiable risk factor. The aim of this review is to understand the prognostic value of preoperative NLR as a biomarker predictor of outcomes in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery based on previous clinical studies and to propose future directions in order to solve the above-mentioned questions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351211064143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T11:26:34Z","timestamp":1646306794000},"page":"208-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neutrophil\u2013Lymphocyte Ratio  in Congenital Heart Surgery:  What Is Known and What Is New?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5740-7707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valdano","family":"Manuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de 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