{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:43:54Z","timestamp":1787510634924,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This manuscript will provide information about hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and related malformations, including definitions, morphology, and classification, based on the 2021 International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (IPCCC) and the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). HLHS is defined as \u201ca spectrum of congenital cardiovascular malformations with normally aligned great arteries without a common atrioventricular junction, characterized by underdevelopment of the left heart with significant hypoplasia of the left ventricle including atresia, stenosis, or hypoplasia of the aortic or mitral valve, or both valves, and hypoplasia of the ascending aorta and aortic arch.\u201d Functionally univentricular heart is defined as \u201ca spectrum of congenital cardiac malformations in which the ventricular mass may not readily lend itself to partitioning that commits one ventricular pump to the systemic circulation, and another to the pulmonary circulation.\u201d The Norwood operation is synonymous with the term \u201cNorwood (Stage 1)\u201d and is defined as (1) creation of an aortopulmonary connection and neoaortic arch construction resulting in univentricular physiology and (2) creation of a controlled source of pulmonary blood flow with a calibrated systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt, a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit, or rarely, a cavopulmonary connection. The goals of the Norwood (Stage 1) Operation are creation of (1) unobstructed systemic blood flow via aortopulmonary connection and neoaortic arch construction, (2) unobstructed coronary blood flow, (3) unobstructed flow across the atrial septum, and (4) controlled pulmonary blood flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351221114770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T09:04:08Z","timestamp":1662109448000},"page":"559-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Definition, Morphology, and Classification"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9916-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Congenital Heart Center, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351211032919"},{"key":"bibr2-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs JP, Franklin RCG, B\u00e9land MJ, et al. Nomenclature for pediatric and congenital cardiac care: unification of clinical and administrative nomenclature - the 2021 International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (IPCCC) and the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).\n                      Cardiol Young.\n                      2021;31(7):1057-1188.","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795112100281X"},{"key":"bibr3-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951117002244."},{"key":"bibr4-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951106000291"},{"key":"bibr5-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951105002271"},{"key":"bibr6-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198301063080106"},{"key":"bibr7-21501351221114770","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Cardiac Surgery of the Neonate and Infant","author":"Casta\u00f1eda AR","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr8-21501351221114770","first-page":"1271","volume-title":"Glenn\u2019s Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","author":"Jacobs ML","year":"1996","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr9-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39288-8"},{"key":"bibr10-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.73.5.456"},{"key":"bibr11-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(21)01195-4"},{"key":"bibr12-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(03)00072-1"},{"key":"bibr13-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01041-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr14-21501351221114770","first-page":"SI162","volume":"3","author":"Kishimoto H","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"bibr15-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(99)70118-2"},{"key":"bibr16-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.116948"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr17-21501351221114770","first-page":"SI21","volume":"11","author":"Sano S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"bibr18-21501351221114770","volume-title":"Presented at the 2003 Society of Thoracic Surgeons Meeting","author":"Sano S"},{"key":"bibr19-21501351221114770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912461"}],"container-title":["World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21501351221114770","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21501351221114770","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21501351221114770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:24:49Z","timestamp":1777591489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21501351221114770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21501351221114770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21501351221114770","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-1351","2150-136X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-1351","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-136X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}}}