{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1789034751768,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD084461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD084461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR002243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR002243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Failure to thrive (FTT), defined as weight or height less than the lowest 2.5 percentile for age, is prevalent in up to 66% of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Risk stratification methods to identify those who would benefit from early intervention are currently lacking. We aimed to identify a novel growth biomarker to aid clinical decision-making in children with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study of patients 2 months to 10 years of age with any CHD undergoing cardiac surgery. Preoperative weight-for-age Z scores (WAZ) and height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) were calculated and assessed for association with preoperative plasma biomarkers: growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), fibroblast growth factor 21, leptin, prealbumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 238 patients included, approximately 70% of patients had WAZ\/HAZ &lt; 0 and 34% had FTT. There was a moderate correlation between GDF-15 and WAZ\/HAZ. When stratified by age, the correlation of GDF-15 to WAZ and HAZ was strongest in children under 2 years of age and persisted in the setting of inflammation (CRP &gt; 0.5\u2005mg\/dL). Diagnoses commonly associated with congestive heart failure had high proportions of FTT and median GDF-15 levels. Prealbumin was not correlated with WAZ or HAZ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GDF-15 represents an important growth biomarker in children with CHD, especially those under 2 years of age who have diagnoses commonly associated with CHF. Our data do not support prealbumin as a long-term growth biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351221118080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T02:36:35Z","timestamp":1666838195000},"page":"745-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Growth Differentiation Factor 15: A Novel Growth Biomarker for Children With Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5760-699X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dane C","family":"Paneitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Yanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srujana","family":"Golla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sravani","family":"Avula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prince J","family":"Kannankeril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology and the Center for Pediatric Precision Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen D","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bret A","family":"Mettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Gottlieb Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 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