{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:32:54Z","timestamp":1783528374284,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010261","name":"Thoracic Surgery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021 Nina Starr Braunwald Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 Nina Starr Braunwald Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Objectives: We previously demonstrated cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction in neonatal swine immediately following a period of full-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The extent to which this dysfunction persists in the postoperative period and its correlation with other markers of cerebral bioenergetic failure and injury is unknown. We utilized a neonatal swine model to investigate the early evolution of mitochondrial function and cerebral bioenergetic failure after CPB. Methods: Twenty piglets (mean weight 4.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 kg) underwent 3\u2005h of CPB at 34 \u00b0C via cervical cannulation and were followed for 8, 12, 18, or 24\u2005h (n\u2009=\u20095 per group). Markers of brain tissue damage (glycerol) and bioenergetic dysfunction (lactate to pyruvate ratio) were continuously measured in cerebral microdialysate samples. Control animals (n\u2009=\u20093, mean weight 4.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 kg) did not undergo cannulation or CPB. Brain tissue was extracted immediately after euthanasia to obtain ex-vivo cortical mitochondrial respiration and frequency of cortical microglial nodules (indicative of cerebral microinfarctions) via neuropathology. Results: Both the lactate to pyruvate ratio ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) and glycerol levels ( P\u2009=\u2009.01) increased in cerebral microdialysate within 8\u2005h after CPB. At 24\u2005h post-CPB, cortical mitochondrial respiration was significantly decreased compared with controls ( P\u2009=\u2009.046). The presence of microglial nodules increased throughout the study period (24\u2005h) ( P\u2009=\u2009.01, R\n                    <jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                    =\u20090.9). Conclusion: CPB results in impaired cerebral bioenergetics that persist for at least 24\u2005h. During this period of bioenergetic impairment, there may be increased susceptibility to secondary injury related to alterations in metabolic delivery or demand, such as hypoglycemia, seizures, and decreased cerebral blood flow.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351241232077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T04:43:32Z","timestamp":1713761012000},"page":"459-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early Impairment of Cerebral Bioenergetics After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Neonatal Swine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0043-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle I.","family":"Aronowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy R.","family":"Geoffrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Piel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie J.","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Melchior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter A.","family":"Gaudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinat E.","family":"Degani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Widmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Katie","family":"Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany S.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Licht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Hefti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. William","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd J.","family":"Kilbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantine D.","family":"Mavroudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21501351241232077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3250"},{"key":"bibr2-21501351241232077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.08.036"},{"key":"bibr3-21501351241232077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00711-6"},{"key":"bibr4-21501351241232077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.05.081"},{"key":"bibr5-21501351241232077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026963"},{"key":"bibr6-21501351241232077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103474"},{"key":"bibr7-21501351241232077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160922368"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr8-21501351241232077","volume":"84","author":"Greeley 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