{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:12:36Z","timestamp":1780927956998,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for catheter-associated deep vein thrombosis (CA-DVT). We sought to understand the practice variations which may impact the risk for CA-DVT by conducting a comprehensive survey.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Analysis of electronic survey of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium (PC\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">4<\/jats:xref>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    ) hospitals caring for children undergoing surgery for CHD.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Responses from 45 respondent PC4 centers was analyzed; 71% of centers (n\u2009=\u200932) had a prophylactic anticoagulation protocol. Two of the 45 respondent centers utilized a protocol for proactive screening for CA-DVT; 64% of centers (29\/45) treated CA-DVT for a duration of 6 to 12 weeks. Internal jugular central vein catheters (CVC) were the most common primary access in children who were 1 to 18 years of age undergoing surgery (89% [40\/45] of centers) and in infants 1 to 12\u2005months of age (73% [33\/45] of centers). Significant variability CVC-type selection was reported in neonates (&lt;30 days of age). More than half of centers reported avoiding upper extremity peripherally inserted central catheter placement in patients both prior to and after stage 2 palliation for single ventricle CHD (58% [26\/45] and 53% [24\/45], respectively).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Significant variability in prevention and management of CA-DVT is reported among PC\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    centers. Only half of respondent PC4 centers reported having an established treatment protocol for CA-DVT. Consensus and evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of CA-DVT are not consistently followed with only 62% (28\/45) of centers reported treating for the recommended 6 to 12 weeks with anticoagulation. There is high variability in CVC-type and location selection in neonates undergoing CHD surgery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351251391768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:24:46Z","timestamp":1764768286000},"page":"449-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Central Venous Catheter Selection, Management, and Treatment of Catheter-Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Survey of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium Centers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7403-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7153-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason T.","family":"Patregnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Health, Tufts University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish A.","family":"Ankola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4814-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren","family":"Klugman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John's Hopkins Children's Hospital Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese M.","family":"Giglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0928-2275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirine A.","family":"Baltagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Southwestern, Children's Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer G.","family":"Baylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Bressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Downey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarrett","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5775-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian S.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine, Children's Hospital of Orange County"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3513-1882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0048-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David K.","family":"Werho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the PC4 Thrombosis Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0768"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-815637","article-title":"Thrombosis in pediatric cardiac patients","volume":"29","author":"Monagle P","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monagle P. Thrombosis in pediatric cardiac patients. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003;29(6):547\u2010555.","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.006304"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giglia TM Massicotte MP Tweddell JS et al. Prevention and treatment of thrombosis in pediatric and congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Circulation. 2013; 128(24):2622-2703.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000436140.77832.7a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monagle P Chan AKC Goldenberg NA et al. Antithrombotic therapy in neonates and children: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. 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