{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:55:18Z","timestamp":1790978118869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007670","name":"Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Equipment Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Equipment Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020170","name":"Research Nova Scotia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Doctoral Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002330","name":"Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Clinician Investigator Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinician Investigator Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005785","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Department of Surgery Seed Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Department of Surgery Seed Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Sanguineous preparation of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit with allogeneic blood products is known to contain substantial complement mediator burden. This study aims to assess the longitudinal immunologic impacts during pediatric CPB.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In this post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational cohort study, 40 pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were grouped by CPB prime type indicated by standard of care (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanguineous<\/jats:italic>\n                    vs\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">crystalloid<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Arterial samples were collected before CPB, after CPB initiation, and at 30-min intervals until weaning or 180\u2005min. Luminex\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    measured concentrations of 33 inflammatory mediators for time series and fold change comparison between groups.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanguineous prime<\/jats:italic>\n                    group (n\u2009=\u200926) was younger (4.0 [0.2-6.0] versus 48.5 [39.0-69.5] months;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and smaller (4.9 [3.4-6.6] versus 17.2 [14.9-19.6] kg;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) than the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">crystalloid prime<\/jats:italic>\n                    group (n\u2009=\u200914). The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sanguineous<\/jats:italic>\n                    group had significantly more circulating complement mediators, including C3a, C3b, and C5a, and soluble adhesion molecules throughout the CPB time series (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). TNF, IL-1\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2 were relatively static in both groups, although slightly more prominent in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">crystalloid<\/jats:italic>\n                    group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL8 profiles were comparable between groups.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Patients who receive sanguineous CPB prime have elevated complement and soluble cellular adhesion molecule burden throughout CPB, relative to a crystalloid prime. Therefore, these allogeneic preparations should be considered an immunogenic stimulus during pediatric CPB, and future innovation should focus on less inciting alternatives.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21501351261418297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:32:46Z","timestamp":1773495166000},"page":"791-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Potent Complement Stimulus of Sanguineous Versus Crystalloid Cardiopulmonary Bypass Prime during Pediatric Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4579-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel David","family":"Bierer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Stanzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Scotia Health Authority"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Scotia Health Authority"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantelis","family":"Andreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean S.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659110375862"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04991-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Red blood cell storage lesion: Causes and potential clinical consequences","volume":"17","author":"Yoshida T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Prudent M, D\u2019Alessandro A. Red blood cell storage lesion: Causes and potential clinical consequences. Blood Transfus. 2019;17(1):27\u201352.","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"issue":"27643","key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Complement activation by the artificial surface of cardiopulmonary bypass is a persistent clinical problem","volume":"15","author":"Bierer J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bierer J, Stanzel R, Henderson M, et al. Complement activation by the artificial surface of cardiopulmonary bypass is a persistent clinical problem. Sci Rep. 2025;15(27643):1\u201314.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.02.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000759"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39061-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02156-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135119870176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591241291944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2008.179333"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659109106728"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2012.01471.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02024-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200116001-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591211027788"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Nursing care of the critically ill child","author":"Hazinski MF","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hazinski MF. Chapter 1: children are different. In: Nursing care of the critically ill child. 3rd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012:11.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","unstructured":"Borchers H. Practical Numerical Math Functions. Preprint posted online November 10 2023. Available at: https:\/\/hwborchers.r-universe.dev\/pracma. Accessed 2\/11\/2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Holland-Frei cancer medicine","author":"Ratain M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ratain M, Plunkett W. Principles of pharmacokinetics. In: Kufe D, Pollock R, Weichselbaum R eds. Holland-Frei cancer medicine. 6th ed. BC Decker; 2003:1\u20136.","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1032280214"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12500"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1923"},{"issue":"439","key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel inflammatory mediator profile observed during pediatric heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and continuous ultrafiltration","volume":"21","author":"Bierer J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bierer J, Stanzel R, Henderson M, et al. Novel inflammatory mediator profile observed during pediatric heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and continuous ultrafiltration. J Transl Med. 2023;21(439):1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)90743-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0267659102pf531oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981851"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)01099-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","first-page":"871","article-title":"IL-10 Family cytokines IL-10 and IL-22: From basic science to clinical translation","volume":"50","author":"Ouyang W","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouyang W, O\u2019Garra A. IL-10 Family cytokines IL-10 and IL-22: From basic science to clinical translation. Immunity Cell Press. 2019;50(4):871\u2013891.","journal-title":"Immunity Cell Press"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04697-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.942288"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02664"},{"issue":"627715","key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hemostatic challenges in neonates","volume":"9","author":"Davenport P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davenport P, Sola-Visner M. Hemostatic challenges in neonates. Front Pediatr. 2021;9(627715):1\u20134.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Factors associated with blood loss and blood product transfusions: A multivariate analysis in children after open-heart surgery","volume":"89","author":"Williams GD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Williams GD, Bratton SL, Ramamoorthy C. Factors associated with blood loss and blood product transfusions: A multivariate analysis in children after open-heart surgery. Anesth Analg. 1999;89(1):57\u201364.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex069"}],"container-title":["World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21501351261418297","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21501351261418297","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21501351261418297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:27:10Z","timestamp":1790976430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21501351261418297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21501351261418297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21501351261418297","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-1351","2150-136X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-1351","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-136X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]}}}