{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:33:57Z","timestamp":1790282037575,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In surgeries for unstable AO\/OTA 31A3.3 fractures, surgeons use various lengths of intramedullary nails (IMNs). However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the appropriate nail length for these fractures. This study compared the biomechanical properties of IMNs of different lengths for AO\/OTA 31A3.3 fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>30 synthetic femora of AO\/OTA 31A3.3 fracture model were randomly assigned to the following three groups: short- (170\u00a0mm), mid- (235\u00a0mm), and long-length (300\u00a0mm) nail groups, and were performed fixation surgery. The translation patterns of the constructs were examined by cyclic testing and compared among three groups. Additionally, changes in the neck\u2013shaft and shaft\u2013nail angles after cyclic testing were evaluated using radiological images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The translation patterns during cyclic loading did not differ among the groups. Conversely, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference in the neck\u2013shaft angle change (5.8\u00b0 \u00b1 1.8\u00b0, 2.8\u00b0 \u00b1 1.3\u00b0, and 1.9\u00b0 \u00b1 .9\u00b0 in the short-, mid-, and long-length groups, respectively; P &lt; .001), and post-hoc analysis revealed that the change was greater in the short-length group than in the mid- and long-length groups ( P &lt; .001 and P &lt; .001, respectively). Furthermore, one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the shaft\u2013nail angle change (3.1\u00b0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0, 1.4\u00b0 \u00b1 1.4\u00b0, and .1\u00b0 \u00b1 .6\u00b0 in the short-, mid-, and long-length groups, respectively; P &lt; .001), and post-hoc analysis revealed that the change was greater in the short-length group than in the mid- and long-length groups ( P = .044 and P &lt; .001, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-length nails were associated with relevant changes in the neck\u2013shaft and shaft\u2013nail angles in our AO\/OTA 31A3.3 fracture model. Thus, the selection of mid- or long-length nails instead of short-length nails might be better in IMN surgery for these fractures to prevent postoperative varus deformity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593241253434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:09:01Z","timestamp":1715040541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biomechanical Comparison of Short-, Mid-, and Long-Length Proximal Femoral Nails for Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture (AO\/OTA 31A3.3) Fixation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8009-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiro","family":"Ando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4198-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuneari","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ishibashi General Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsushi","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001063"},{"key":"bibr2-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000187"},{"key":"bibr3-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000284"},{"key":"bibr4-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.04.014"},{"key":"bibr5-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2023.05.010"},{"key":"bibr6-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-21-00322"},{"key":"bibr7-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-016-0405-z"},{"key":"bibr8-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593221111350"},{"key":"bibr9-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.03.005"},{"key":"bibr10-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.05.015"},{"key":"bibr11-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001008"},{"key":"bibr12-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-022-04345-0"},{"key":"bibr13-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7618079"},{"key":"bibr14-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2016.03.001"},{"key":"bibr15-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-06071-5"},{"key":"bibr16-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2236-z"},{"key":"bibr17-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146"},{"key":"bibr18-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244"},{"key":"bibr19-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1431-3"},{"key":"bibr20-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.07.025"},{"key":"bibr21-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1414-4"},{"key":"bibr22-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B8.33644"},{"key":"bibr23-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2151459320936444"},{"key":"bibr24-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03210-1"},{"key":"bibr25-21514593241253434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-2948-0"}],"container-title":["Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; 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