{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:01:45Z","timestamp":1785132105401,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) cause the loss of motor, communicative, and swallowing skills resulting in a decreased quality of life. Among these, rehabilitation plays a crucial role, and virtual reality (VR), with its potential for immersive digital experiences, could significantly contribute to enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. The aim of this observational study was to assess changes in the emotional-affective states of hospitalized patients with NMDs who participated in an immersive VR recreational experience. Patients \u2265 16 years with an NMD clinical and\/or genetic diagnosis, underwent a recreational VR experience and completed a set of pre and post questionnaires assessing mood, positive (PA) and negative affects (NA), state anxiety, emotional state, and emotional response. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled. PANAS reported significant changes between pre and post VR: an improvement in PA (\u0394: 6.79 \u00b1 6.30, Cohen\u2019s d: 1.20,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001) and a decrease in NA (\u0394: \u22127.11 \u00b1 6.29, Cohen\u2019s d: 1.38,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001). No statistically significant difference emerged comparing changes over-time by stratifying for age, gender, education, anxiety and depression levels. Moreover, state anxiety significantly decreased (\u0394: \u22123.95 \u00b1 6.15, Cohen\u2019s d: 0.57,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001) and emotional state significantly improved after exposure to VR (\u0394: 0.63 \u00b1 2.14, Cohen\u2019s d: 0.29,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0004). Finally, Self-Assessment Manikin showed that VR elicited low levels of arousal (3.87 \u00b1 3.46) and high levels of pleasure (8.37 \u00b1 1.81) and dominance (8.37 \u00b1 1.88). This study highlights the potential of VR technology as a valuable tool during the hospitalization of NMD patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21522715261416232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:37:52Z","timestamp":1769164672000},"page":"114-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Observational Study on Emotional-Affective States in Neuromuscular Patients Using Recreational Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Lucia Catherine","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bolognini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NLab Research Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mondellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lecco, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NLab Research Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Casiraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NLab Research Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Regondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NLab Research Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria Ada","family":"Sansone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy."},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy."},{"name":"IRCCS Medea\u2014Ass. La Nostra Famiglia, Conegliano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-160155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241282900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"ATRA. About recreational therapy: What is recreational therapy? Available from: https:\/\/www.atra-online.com\/about-rt [Last accessed: May16 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"McMaster Optimal Aging Portal. Immersive technologies to address social isolation: Is a technological solution feasible and desirable? 2019. 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