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However, its heterogeneity, transitions, and longitudinal associations with mental health outcomes remain underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study utilized data from two waves of a three-wave longitudinal survey, with 849 Chinese participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mean<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 21.6 years; 50.4 percent female) assessed at 4-month intervals. Individuals were classified using latent profile analysis and the stability and changes of profiles were assessed via latent transition analysis (LTA). Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted separately at baseline and follow-up to identify correlates of profile membership. Predictors of profile transitions were examined using manual three-step LTA models, and associations between latent transition patterns and follow-up mental health outcomes were examined using BCH-LTA distal outcome analyses controlling for the corresponding baseline symptom level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four profiles of OSA were identified: low, privacy-sensitive, moderate-high, and high OSA. Extreme profiles (low\/high OSA) showed high stability (80.4 percent and 79.1 percent), while privacy-sensitive OSA exhibited the lowest stability (55.1 percent). Profile memberships were influenced by social-cognitive biases and digital interaction, particularly fear of negative evaluation and online interpersonal trust, whereas profile transitions were mainly associated with anxiety. Transitions toward less severe OSA profiles were generally associated with better subsequent mental health, whereas transitions toward more severe profiles corresponded to poorer outcomes, particularly for offline social anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSA was heterogeneous in its manifestation, severity and transitions. Personalized and early interventions targeting profile-specific vulnerabilities are critical to prevent the worsening of OSA and mitigate its psychological burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21522715261475288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:55:36Z","timestamp":1786078536000},"page":"664-676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Online Social Anxiety in the Digital Age: Transitions, Predictors, and Mental Health Associations in Emerging Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0271-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China."},{"name":"School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China."},{"name":"School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xintian","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China."},{"name":"School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumiao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China."},{"name":"School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Communication Collaboratory, School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China."},{"name":"School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2011.0015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-024-00307-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Online social anxiety: A negative interpersonal experience on social media","volume":"26","author":"Chen B-z","year":"2020","unstructured":"4.Chen B-z, , Zhang Q-l, , Zhang R-m, , Xue Z. 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