{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:56:05Z","timestamp":1790812565509,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In times of ubiquitous smartphone use, most users adopt one or more self-imposed rules regarding their device usage, also known as voluntary digital disconnection. Drawing on the Integrative Model of Mobile Media Use and Need Experiences (IM\u00b3UNE), this study provides empirical evidence on the adoption of digital agency tools and their potential in mitigating ill-being (depression, anxiety, and stress) associated with excessive smartphone use. We conducted a quota-based online survey involving\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 384 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      M\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 49.6) smartphone users in Flanders (Belgium). The results provide a systematization of different digital agency tools, showing they are widely used among adults. Importantly, we provide preliminary evidence on their potential in buffering ill-being due to excessive smartphone use. For users of detox apps and in-app well-being features, the associations between excessive use and ill-being were nonsignificant, unlike for nonusers of these tools. For users of default device settings, such as iOS ScreenTime, there were no differences. Our findings contribute to theory by applying and empirically testing critical elements of the IM\u00b3UNE model. Empirically, our findings indicate the importance of studying different types of tools, as they do not appear to be equally beneficial.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21522715261489910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:46:46Z","timestamp":1790599606000},"page":"697-703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital Agency Tools: A Way to Buffer the Negative Effects of Excessive Phone Use?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6793-9571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise-Marie","family":"Nassen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Science, Media Psychology Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0230-9664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Karsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01634437241228785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2023.101980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.8597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2022.0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20501579231212062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2021.101778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0578"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315164441-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"432","volume-title":"An integrated approach to communication theory and research","author":"Rogers EM","year":"2014","unstructured":"11.Rogers EM, , Singhal A, , Quinlan MM. 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De DASS: Een vragenlijst voor het meten van depressie, angst en stress. Gedragstherapie 2001;34(1):35\u201354.","journal-title":"Gedragstherapie"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","volume-title":"Mediatisierung mobil: Handy-und mobile Internetnutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen","author":"Knop K","year":"2015","unstructured":"24.Knop K, , Hefner D, , Schmitt S, et al. Mediatisierung mobil: Handy-und mobile Internetnutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen, Vol. 77. Vistas; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0503_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1456150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"28.Chang Y-J Tang JC. Investigating mobile users\u2019 ringer mode usage and attentiveness and responsiveness to communication. 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