{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:34:16Z","timestamp":1786548856760,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,7,1]],"date-time":"2027-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1814400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["K23HD081077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD081077"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2011-68001-30207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-68001-30207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Childhood Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Starting Early Program (StEP) promotes healthy nutrition during early life and leads to healthier child weight, but whether dietary patterns contribute to weight or mediate StEP weight outcomes has not been studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary analysis identified infant dietary patterns in StEP, determined associations between dietary patterns and child weight outcomes, and examined whether dietary patterns mediated the relationship between StEP and child weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were from 377 mother-infant dyads in a randomized trial testing the efficacy of StEP. Dietary patterns at 10 months were identified using latent class analysis. Child weights were abstracted from medical records at 12, 24, and 36 months. Associations between infant dietary patterns and weight-for-age\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      -score (WFAz) and likelihood of being classified as overweight (WFA \u226585th percentile) were assessed using linear and logistic multivariable regression models. Mediation was used to assess intervention effects on WFAz via impacts on infant dietary patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four classes of infant dietary patterns were identified: Breastfed-High variety, Formula fed-High variety, Formula fed-Low variety, and Mixed fed-Low variety. Compared to the Breastfed-High variety class, infants in the Formula fed-Low variety class had higher WFAz and were more likely to be classified as overweight at 24 and 36 months. Participation in StEP increased membership in Breastfed-High variety, which mediated the association between StEP and lower WFAz at 24 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infant dietary patterns were identified, and some were associated with child overweight. StEP was associated with a dietary pattern most consistent with guidelines, which mediated intervention effects on child weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21532176261465101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:09:59Z","timestamp":1782968999000},"page":"466-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infant Dietary Patterns and Early Childhood Weight Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis from the Starting Early Program Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8154-3231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren T.","family":"Berube","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Nutrition Program, Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA."},{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina N.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA."},{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Deierlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Nutrition Program, Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Woolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University Steinhardt, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary J.","family":"Messito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel S.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA."},{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"158","key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","article-title":"National health and nutrition examination survey 2017\u2013March 2020 prepandemic data files development of files and prevalence estimates for selected health outcomes","author":"Stierman B","year":"2021","unstructured":"1.Stierman B, , Afful J, , Carroll MD, et al. National health and nutrition examination survey 2017\u2013March 2020 prepandemic data files development of files and prevalence estimates for selected health outcomes. Natl Health Stat Report 2021(158).","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12334"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174417000733"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000448964"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.069047"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2020.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7.Dewey K Bazzano L Davis T et al. USDA nutrition evidence systematic reviews. The duration frequency and volume of exclusive human milk and\/or infant formula consumption and overweight and obesity: A systematic review. 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Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020\u20132025 USDA and HHS: Washington DC; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.dietaryguidelines.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-12\/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf [Last accessed: January18 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","unstructured":"20.National Cancer Institute. Calculating Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) Food Group Equivalents NCI: Bethesda MD; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/epi.grants.cancer.gov\/asa24\/resources\/cleaning.html#calculate [Last accessed: February21 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","unstructured":"21.United States Department of Agriculture. Child and adult care food program (CACFP) infant meal patterns. 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