{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:18Z","timestamp":1792787778826,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","award":["T32HL150452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HL150452"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012pb6c26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","award":["T32MH082761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32MH082761"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Childhood Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutritious foods, nutrition education, breastfeeding support, and referrals to low-income women and their children up to age 5. WIC participants\u2019 weight is measured and discussed at appointments, creating an opportunity for weight stigma to be transmitted. Weight stigma has recently received attention within the WIC setting because experiencing weight stigma in health care is associated with delays in care and health care avoidance. This study aimed to fill a gap in our understanding of WIC staff\u2019s training needs and advice to reduce weight stigma experienced by WIC clients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews with WIC clinic staff in partnership with the Minnesota Department of Health WIC. The study included 25 staff members across 16 local agencies. We employed a rapid qualitative template analysis to analyze the interviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Staff sought guidance on how much emphasis to place on weight and wanted to focus on health behavior goals, rather than weight. Staff wanted comprehensive training on weight stigma and practical skills to confidently discuss weight with clients, including across diverse cultural contexts. Finally, staff desired virtual trainings that are WIC-specific and include interactive components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Appropriate training on weight stigma and guidance for how weight should be discussed during appointments can improve the client experience in WIC and, in turn, may improve program retention. Findings from this study will be used to develop a systems-level intervention, including comprehensive workforce training, to address weight stigma at WIC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21532176261473766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:31:37Z","timestamp":1785306697000},"page":"485-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing Weight Stigma in WIC: A Qualitative Study Exploring Advice and Training Needs of Minnesota WIC Staff"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7181-8315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine R.","family":"Hendel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Bresnahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikayla R.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamika","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Social Work, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"1.United States Department of Agriculture. Food and Nutrition Services. WIC: USDA\u2019s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"2.United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Services. How WIC Helps. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/helps"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","volume-title":"Effects of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): A Review of Recent Research by Silvie Colman, Ira P. Nichols-Barrer, Julie E. Redline, Barbara L. Devaney, Sara V. Ansell, and Ted Joyce","author":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service Office of Research and Analysis","year":"2012","unstructured":"3.U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service Office of Research and Analysis. Effects of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): A Review of Recent Research by Silvie Colman, Ira P. Nichols-Barrer, Julie E. Redline, Barbara L. Devaney, Sara V. Ansell, and Ted Joyce. Alexandria, VA; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"WIC works: addressing the nutrition and health needs of low-income families for more than four decades","author":"Carlson S","year":"2021","unstructured":"4.Carlson S, , Neuberger Z. WIC works: addressing the nutrition and health needs of low-income families for more than four decades. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"National- and State-Level Estimates of the USDA Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Eligibility and WIC Program Reach in 2022 (Summary)","author":"Kessler C","year":"2024","unstructured":"6.Kessler C, , Munkacsy K, , Gray K. National- and State-Level Estimates of the USDA Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Eligibility and WIC Program Reach in 2022 (Summary). Prepared by Insight Policy Research, Contract No 12319819A0005. Alexandria, VA; 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","article-title":"Barriers and enablers to WIC participation: Systematic review of evidence from studies published between 2019 and 2024","volume":"1","author":"Figueroa J","year":"2024","unstructured":"7.Figueroa J, , Purkait T, , Saltzman J, et al. Barriers and enablers to WIC participation: Systematic review of evidence from studies published between 2019 and 2024. Am J Public Health Focus 2024;1(5).","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Focus"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003336","article-title":"Understanding the factors influencing low-income caregivers\u2019 perceived value of a federal nutrition programme, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC)","volume":"22","author":"Weber S","year":"2019","unstructured":"8.Weber S, , Wichelecki J, , Chavez N, et al. Understanding the factors influencing low-income caregivers\u2019 perceived value of a federal nutrition programme, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Public Health Nutr 2019;22(6):1056\u20131065.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Food insecurity-related stigma among adults in the United States: A scoping review","volume":"0","author":"Halverson M","year":"2025","unstructured":"9.Halverson M, , Appel E, , Earnshaw V, et al. Food insecurity-related stigma among adults in the United States: A scoping review. 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