{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:05:35Z","timestamp":1777698335629,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of Greek juniper ( Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. from the family Cupressaceae) were evaluated for antileishmanial activities against Leishmania major promastigotes compared to meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). In vitro toxicity assay was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and microplate ELISA reader. Extracts were prepared in ethanol\/dimethyl sulfoxide (80\/20) at 10 to 0.62 mg\/mL. The standard was prepared in phosphate-buffered saline at 500 to 15.62 mg\/mL. Both leaf and fruit extracts and related fractions showed strong inhibitory effects against promastigotes, significantly different from that of the standard. The leaf extract and the respective petroleum ether fraction showed maximum effectiveness compared to other fractions and also fruit extract and fractions (IC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 1.89 \u00b1 0.03 and 0.90 \u00b1 0.03 mg\/mL, respectively). Regarding the potent activities of nonpolar fractions of Greek juniper leaf extract, these fractions can be suggested for further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587215623435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T22:28:50Z","timestamp":1452292130000},"page":"31-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Antileishmanial Activities of Greek Juniper (\n                    <i>Juniperus excelsa<\/i>\n                    M.Bieb.) Against\n                    <i>Leishmania major<\/i>\n                    Promastigotes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mahmoodreza","family":"Moein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Hatam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research center, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Taghavi-Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad M.","family":"Zarshenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2156587215623435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.09.030"},{"key":"bibr2-2156587215623435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004"},{"key":"bibr3-2156587215623435","first-page":"365","volume":"77","author":"Mirzaie M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Veterinarski Arhiv"},{"key":"bibr4-2156587215623435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/lds031"},{"key":"bibr5-2156587215623435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.148"},{"key":"bibr6-2156587215623435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8"},{"key":"bibr7-2156587215623435","unstructured":"Ahmadizadeh E, Soleimani K, Hosseinpour M, Zakeri A, Nejhad MN, Ahmadizadeh A. 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