{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T06:51:46Z","timestamp":1777963906967,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000778","name":"u.s. department of labor","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Labor Research and Evaluation Grant (EO-30270-17-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Labor Research and Evaluation Grant (EO-30270-17-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Workplace Health Saf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Musculoskeletal injuries from patient handling are significant problems among health care workers. In California, legislation requiring hospitals to implement safe patient handling (SPH) programs was enacted in 2011. This qualitative study explored workers\u2019 experiences and perceptions about the law, their hospital\u2019s SPH policies and programs, patient handling practices, and work environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three focus groups were conducted with 21 participants (19 nurses and 2 patient handling specialists) recruited from 12 hospitals located in the San Francisco Bay Area and San Joaquin Valley. Qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple themes emerged from diverse experiences and perceptions. Positive perceptions included empowerment to advocate for safety, increased awareness of SPH policies and programs, increased provision of patient handling equipment and training, increased lift use, and improvement in safety culture. Perceived concerns included continuing barriers to safe practices and lift use such as difficulty securing assistance, limited availability of lift teams, understaffing, limited nursing employee input in the safety committee, blaming of individuals for injury, increased workload, and continuing injury concerns. Participants indicated the need for effective training, sufficient staffing, and management support for injured workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Application to Practice:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified improvements in hospitals\u2019 SPH programs and practices since the passage of California\u2019s SPH law, as well as continuing challenges and barriers to safe practices and injury prevention. The findings provide useful information to understanding the positive impacts of the SPH law but also notes the potential limitations of this legislation in the view of health care workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079920975388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T06:34:14Z","timestamp":1612161254000},"page":"124-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of California Safe Patient Handling Legislation: Health Care Workers\u2019 Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Michalchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsie","family":"Adesoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.16.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"American Nurses Association. (2019). Nurse staffing advocacy. https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/practice-policy\/nurse-staffing\/nurse-staffing-advocacy\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/216507990505300505"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2016). Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses requiring days away from work 2015. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/osh2.nr0.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","unstructured":"California Department of Industrial Relations. (2016). Safe patient handling in California: Fact sheet for hospital workers. https:\/\/www.dir.ca.gov\/dosh\/dosh_publications\/Safe-Patient-Handling-for-Web-fs.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"California Department of Industrial Relations. (2017). Safe patient handling. http:\/\/www.dir.ca.gov\/dosh\/Safe_Patient_Handling.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815581933"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"A qualitative study on organizational factors affecting occupational accidents","volume":"46","author":"Eskandari D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eskandari D., Jafari M. J., Mehrabi Y., Kian M. P., Charkhand H., Mirghotbi M. (2017). A qualitative study on organizational factors affecting occupational accidents. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 46, 380\u2013388.","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.622"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Occupational traumatic injuries among workers in health care facilities\u2014United States, 2012-2014","volume":"64","author":"Gomaa A. E.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomaa A. E., Tapp L. C., Luckhaupt S. E., Vanoli K., Sarmiento R. F., Raudabaugh W. M., Nowlin S., Sprigg S. M. (2015). Occupational traumatic injuries among workers in health care facilities\u2014United States, 2012-2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64, 405\u2013410.","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.042481"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","unstructured":"LCWA Research Group. (2011). American Nurses Association 2011 Health & Safety Survey report. https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/practice-policy\/work-environment\/health-safety\/health-safety-survey\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNA.0000000000000504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.21657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22923"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102954"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2003.004978"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2004.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2016). 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