{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:49:16Z","timestamp":1793159356951,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Workplace Health Saf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many workers shifted to working from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to investigate if this sudden change caused an increase in TElewoRk-RelAted stress (TERRA) which is defined as physical and mental stress caused by telework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed of three scientific databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus), which also included a quality assessment. Articles measuring stress, psychological or physical, in remote workers, published from December 2019 through August 2021 were included in the review. Results were extracted by reporting: authors, country, study design, type of workers, sample, questionnaires and measurements, and outcomes. Data were synthesized quantitatively for country, type of workers, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of the 518 articles found in the three databases, 19 articles were included in the systematic review (10,012 participants overall), and 78.9% of these highlighted an increase in TERRA levels in remote workers. Among 85.7% of the studies considering gender as a variable, TERRA levels were higher in female workers. Twelve (63.2%) of the studies investigated psychological well-being, two (10.5%) focused on the physical well-being of remote workers, three (15.8%) investigated both, and two studies had other outcomes (10.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering the redefinition of workplaces dictated by the COVID-19 pandemic, this review highlights the emerging issue of remote work and the use of technology in working from home, emphasizing a rapidly growing occupational health problem. Remote workers need to be provided with emotional and technical support to prevent TERRA in remote workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799221119155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T08:35:16Z","timestamp":1668587716000},"page":"58-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["TElewoRk-RelAted Stress (TERRA), Psychological and Physical Strain of Working From Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Gualano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 di Torino"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6052-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo Emilio","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0901-7864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Amantea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Daniele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Moscato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balducci C. Avanzi L. Consiglio C. Fraccaroli F. Schaufeli W. (2017). A cross-national study on the psychometric quality of the Italian version of the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS). European Journal of Psychological Assessment 33 422\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000300","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barone Gibbs B. Kline C. E. Huber K. A. Paley J. L. Perera S. (2021). Covid-19 shelter-at-home and work lifestyle and well-being in desk workers. Occupational Medicine 71(2) 86\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqab011","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqab011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bigras N. Lemay L. Lehrer J. Charron A. Duval S. Robert-Mazaye C. Laurin I. (2021). Early childhood educators\u2019 perceptions of their emotional state relationships with parents challenges and opportunities during the early stage of the pandemic. Early Childhood Education Journal 49 775\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10643-021-01224-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-021-01224-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bijulakshmi P. Ramasubramanian V. Mathumathi S. Rajendhiran G. (2021). A cross-sectional study on the mental health of professionals working from home in Tamilnadu India during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10(23) 1760\u20131765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14260\/jemds\/2021\/364","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2021\/364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bond F. W. Hayes S. C. Baer R. A. Carpenter K. M. Guenole N. Orcutt H. K. Waltz T. Zettle R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy 42(4) 676\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"Technostress the human cost of the computer revolution","author":"Brod C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brod C. (2007). Technostress the human cost of the computer revolution. Basic Books. (Original work published 1984)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brussevich M. Dabla-Norris E. Kamunge C. Karnane P. Khalid S. Kochhar K. (2018). Gender technology and the future of work. International Monetary Fund.","DOI":"10.5089\/9781484379769.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Child Outcomes Research Consortium. (n.d.). The World Health Organization\u2013Five well-being index (WHO-5). https:\/\/www.corc.uk.net\/outcome-experience-measures\/the-world-health-organisation-five-well-being-index-who-5\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi S. B. Lim M. S. (2016). Effects of social and technology overload on psychological well-being in young South Korean adults: The mediatory role of social network service addiction. Computers in Human Behavior 61 245\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correll D. J. (2007). The measurement of pain: Objectifying the subjective. Pain Management 1 197\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-7216-0334-6.50022-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-0334-6.50022-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Alessio M. Guarino A. de Pascalis V. Zimbardo P. G. (2016). Testing Zimbardo\u2019s Stanford Time Perspective Inventory (STPI)\u2013Short form. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961463X030122010","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463X030122010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"de Sio S. Cedrone F. Nieto H. A. Lapteva E. Perri R. Greco E. Mucci N. Pacella E. Buomprisco G. (2021). Telework and its effects on mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 25(10) 3914\u20133922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202105_25961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diener E. Emmons R. A. Larsem R. J. Griffin S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment 49(1) 71\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","unstructured":"Fliege H. Rose M. Arck P. Levenstein S. Klapp B. F. (2009). PSQ: Perceived Stress Questionnaire. In Leibniz-institut F\u00fcr Psychologie (Ed.) Open test archive. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.23668\/psycharchives.5138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabr H. M. Soliman S. S. Allam H. K. Raouf S. Y. A. (2021). Effects of remote virtual work environment during COVID-19 pandemic on technostress among Menoufia University Staff Egypt: A cross-sectional study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14588-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14588-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghislieri C. Molino M. Dolce V. Sanseverino D. Presutti M. (2021). Work-family conflict during the Covid-19 pandemic: Teleworking of administrative and technical staff in healthcare. An Italian study. Medicina del Lavoro 112(3) 229\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23749\/mdl.v112i3.11227","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v112i3.11227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldberg D. P. Blackwell B. (1970). Psychiatric illness in general practice. A detailed study using a new method of case identification. British Medical Journal 1(5707) 439\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5707.439","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5707.439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henry J. D. Crawford J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology 44(Pt. 2) 227\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/014466505X29657","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunt P. K. Dong M. Miller C. M. (2021). A multi-year science research or engineering experience in high school gives women confidence to continue in the STEM pipeline or seek advancement in other fields: A 20-year longitudinal study. PLOS ONE 16(11) Article e0258717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0258717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00f6nsson S. Muhonen T. Forssell R. C. B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m M. J\u00f6nsson S. Muhonen T. Forssell R. C. B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m M. (2017). Assessing exposure to bullying through digital devices in working life: Two versions of a Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CBQ). Psychology 8(3) 477\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/PSYCH.2017.83030","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2017.83030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karr-Wisniewski P. Lu Y. (2010). When more is too much: Operationalizing technology overload and exploring its impact on knowledge worker productivity. Computers in Human Behavior 26(5) 1061\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CHB.2010.03.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar P. Kumar N. Aggarwal P. Yeap J. A. L. (2021). Working in lockdown: The relationship between COVID-19 induced work stressors job performance distress and life satisfaction. Current Psychology 40 6308\u20136323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-021-01567-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01567-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuorinka I. Jonsson B. Kilbom A. Vinterberg H. Biering-S\u00f8rensen F. Andersson G. J\u00f8rgensen K. (1987). Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics 18(3) 233\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Torre G. Esposito A. Sciarra I. Chiappetta M. (2019). Definition symptoms and risk of techno-stress: A systematic review. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 92 13\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-018-1352-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-018-1352-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majumdar P. Biswas A. Sahu S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: Cause of sleep disruption depression somatic pain and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India. Chronobiology International 37(8) 1191\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07420528.2020.1786107","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2020.1786107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mari E. Lausi G. Fraschetti A. Pizzo A. Baldi M. Quaglieri A. Burrai J. Barchielli B. Avallone F. Giannini A. M. (2021). Teaching during the pandemic: A comparison in psychological wellbeing among smart working professions. Sustainability 13(9) Article 4850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13094850","DOI":"10.3390\/su13094850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maslach C. Jackson S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2(2) 99\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JOB.4030020205","DOI":"10.1002\/job.4030020205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","volume-title":"Manual for the profile of mood states","author":"McNair D. M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"McNair D. M., Lorr M., Droppelman L. F. (1971). Manual for the profile of mood states. Educational and Industrial Testing Service."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molino M. Ingusci E. Signore F. Manuti A. Giancaspro M. L. Russo V. Zito M. Cortese C. G. (2020). Wellbeing costs of technology use during Covid-19 remote working: An investigation using the Italian translation of the technostress creators scale. Sustainability 12(15) Article 5911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12155911","DOI":"10.3390\/su12155911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moretti A. Menna F. Aulicino M. Paoletta M. Liguori S. Iolascon G. (2020). Characterization of home working population during COVID-19 emergency: A cross-sectional analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(17) Article 6284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17176284","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris M. G. Venkatesh V. Ackerman P. L. (2005). Gender and age differences in employee decisions about new technology: An extension to the theory of planned behavior. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 52(1) 69\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TEM.2004.839967","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2004.839967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","unstructured":"National Health Institute. (2022). Computer workstation ergonomics: Self-assessment. https:\/\/ehs.yale.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/office-ergonomics-self-assessment.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Netemeyer R. G. Boles J. S. McMurrian R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology 81(4) 400\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.81.4.400","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-9010.81.4.400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oksanen A. Oksa R. Savela N. Mantere E. Savolainen I. Kaakinen M. (2021). COVID-19 crisis and digital stressors at work: A longitudinal study on the Finnish working population. Computers in Human Behavior 122 Article 106853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106853"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page M. J. McKenzie J. E. Bossuyt P. M. Boutron I. Hoffmann T. C. Mulrow C. D. Shamseer L. Tetzlaff J. M. Akl E. A. Brennan S. E. Chou R. Glanville J. Grimshaw J. M. Hr\u00f3bjartsson A. Lalu M. M. Li T. Loder E. W. Mayo-Wilson E. McDonald S. .\u2004.\u2004.Moher D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. British Medical Journal 372 Article n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJ.N71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radloff L. S. (2016). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1(3) 385\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014662167700100306","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragu-Nathan T. S. Tarafdar M. Ragu-Nathan B. S. Tu Q. (2008). The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and validation. Information Systems Research 19(4) 417\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/ISRE.1070.0165","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1070.0165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynolds J. L. Drury C. G. Broderick R. L. (1994). A field methodology for the control of musculoskeletal injuries. Applied Ergonomics 25(1) 3\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-6870(94)90025-6","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(94)90025-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roenneberg T. Wirz-Justice A. Merrow M. (2003). Life between clocks: Daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. Journal of Biological Rhythms 18(1) 80\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748730402239679","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730402239679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-09945-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sama\u2019 An Shahwan B. Mohammad D\u2019emeh W. Yacoub M. I. Shahwan B. S. (2022). Evaluation of computer workstations ergonomics and its relationship with reported musculoskeletal and visual symptoms among university employees in Jordan. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 35(2) 141\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13075\/IJOMEH.1896.01822","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01822"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savolainen I. Oksa R. Savela N. Celuch M. Oksanen A. (2021). COVID-19 anxiety\u2014A longitudinal survey study of psychological and situational risks among Finnish workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(2) 794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJERPH18020794","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","author":"Schaufeli W.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schaufeli W., Bakker A. (2004). UWES Utrecht work engagement scale preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.","journal-title":"UWES Utrecht work engagement scale preliminary manual"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","unstructured":"Schmidt A. A. Hanges P. J. (2008). Development and validation of the toxic leadership scale [Unpublished Masters master dissertation]. Department of Psychology University of Maryland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitt J. B. Breuer J. Wulf T. (2021). From cognitive overload to digital detox: Psychological implications of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic. Computers in Human Behaviour 124 Article 106899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seva R. R. Tejero L. M. S. Fadrilan-Camacho V. F. F. (2021). Barriers and facilitators of productivity while working from home during pandemic. Journal of Occupational Health 63(1) Article e12242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1348-9585.12242","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2004-00359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","unstructured":"Sica C. Magni C. Ghisi M. Alto\u00e8 G. Sighinolfi C. Chiri L. R. Franceschinia S. (2008). Coping Orientation to the Problems Experiences-new Italian version (COPE-NVI). Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale 14 27\u201353. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/285817368_Coping_Orientation_to_the_Problems_Experiences-new_Italian_version_COPE-NVI"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spagnoli P. Molino M. Molinaro D. Giancaspro M. L. Manuti A. Ghislieri C. (2020). Workaholism and technostress during the COVID-19 emergency: The crucial role of the leaders on remote working. Frontiers in Psychology 11 Article 620310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.620310","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.620310"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spitzer R. L. Kroenke K. Williams J. B. W. L\u00f6we B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine 166(10) 1092\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/ARCHINTE.166.10.1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahernejad S. Choobineh A. Razeghi M. Abdoli-Eramaki M. Parsaei H. Daneshmandi H. Seif M. (2021). Investigation of office workers\u2019 sitting behaviors in an ergonomically adjusted workstation. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 23 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10803548.2021.1990581","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2021.1990581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tams S. Ahuja M. Thatcher J. Grover V. (2020). Worker stress in the age of mobile technology: The combined effects of perceived interruption overload and worker control. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems 29(1) Article 101595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSIS.2020.101595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2020.101595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarafdar M. Tu Q. Ragu-Nathan T. S. (2014). Impact of technostress on end-user satisfaction and performance. Journal of Management Information Systems 27(3) 303\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2753\/MIS0742-1222270311","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222270311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","unstructured":"36-Item Short Form Survey. (n.d.). https:\/\/www.rand.org\/health-care\/surveys_tools\/mos\/36-item-short-form.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waddell G. Newton M. Henderson I. Somerville D. Main C. J. (1993). A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain 52 157\u2013168. https:\/\/www.tac.vic.gov.au\/files-to-move\/media\/upload\/fear_avoidance.pdf","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90127-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","unstructured":"Wells G. A. Shea B. O\u2019Connell D. Peterson J. Welch V. Losos M. Tugwell P. (n.d.). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao Y. J. Becerik-Gerber B. Lucas G. Roll S. C. (2021). Impacts of working from home during COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental well-being of office workstation users. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 63(3) 181\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002097","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X. Xiong Z. Li Z. Li X. Xiang W. Yuan Y. Li Z. (2020). Perceived psychological stress and associated factors in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: Evidence from the general Chinese population. PLOS ONE 15(12) Article e0243605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0243605","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zapata-Garibay R. Gonzalez-Fagoaga J. E. Asadi-Gonzalez A. A. Martinez-Alvarado J. R. Chavez-Baray S. M. Plascencia-Lopez I. Gonzalez-Fagoaga C. J. (2021). Mental health stressors in higher education instructors and students in Mexico during the emergency remote teaching implementation due to COVID-19. Frontiers in Education 6 Article 670400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2021.670400","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.670400"}],"container-title":["Workplace Health &amp; Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21650799221119155","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21650799221119155","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21650799221119155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:58:07Z","timestamp":1777593487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21650799221119155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21650799221119155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21650799221119155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0799","2165-0969"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0799","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-0969","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]}}}