{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:00:56Z","timestamp":1792512056983,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Workplace Health Saf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient and health care worker safety is an interconnected phenomenon. To date, few studies have examined the relationship between patient and worker safety, specifically with respect to work safety culture. Therefore, we examined patient safety culture, workplace violence (WPV), and burnout in health care workers to identify whether patient safety culture factors influence worker burnout and WPV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study used secondary survey data sent to approximately 7,100 health care workers at a large academic medical center in the United States. Instruments included the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, a WPV scale measuring physical and verbal violence perpetrated by patients or visitors, and the Emotional Exhaustion scale from the Maslach Burnout Inventory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These analyses included 3,312 (47%) hospital staff who directly interacted with patients. Over half of nurse (62%), physician (53%), and allied health professional respondents (52%) reported experiencing verbal violence from a patient, and 39% of nurses and 14% of physicians reported experiencing physical violence from a patient. Burnout levels for nurses (2.67 \u00b1 1.02) and physicians (2.65 \u00b1 0.93) were higher than the overall average for all staff (2.61 \u00b1 1.0). Higher levels of worker-reported patient safety culture were associated with lower odds of WPV (0.47) and lower burnout scores among workers ( B = \u22121.02). Teamwork across units, handoffs, and transitions were dimensions of patient safety culture that also influenced WPV and burnout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Application to Practice:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that improvements in hospital strategies aimed at patient safety culture, including team cohesion with handoffs and transitions, could positively influence a reduction in WPV and burnout among health care workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799221126364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T04:07:42Z","timestamp":1670472462000},"page":"78-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Patient Safety Culture: The Impact on Workplace Violence and Health Worker Burnout"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8209-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinhye","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Kitzmiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Baernholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"name":"The University of Virginia School of Nursing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary R.","family":"Lynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl B.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3912\/OJIN.Vol23No03PPT25"},{"key":"bibr2-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNA.0000000000000423"},{"key":"bibr3-21650799221126364","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019, September). Culture of safety. Patient Safety Network, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. https:\/\/psnet.ahrq.gov\/primer\/culture-safety"},{"key":"bibr4-21650799221126364","unstructured":"Association of Schools of Allied Health Professions. (2015). What is allied health? https:\/\/www.asahp.org\/what-is"},{"key":"bibr5-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/6ee1aeae-en"},{"key":"bibr6-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2008.031252"},{"key":"bibr7-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1553-7250(13)39028-X"},{"key":"bibr8-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31478\/201801b"},{"key":"bibr9-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NCQ.0000000000000475"},{"key":"bibr10-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-019-0411-3"},{"key":"bibr11-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1553-7250(10)36048-X"},{"key":"bibr12-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00469-9"},{"key":"bibr13-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2014.23.12.653"},{"key":"bibr14-21650799221126364","volume-title":"Surveys on Patient Safety CultureTM (SOPS\u00ae) hospital survey 1.0: 2021 user database report","author":"Famolaro T.","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr15-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S89486"},{"key":"bibr16-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13102"},{"key":"bibr17-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03361.x"},{"key":"bibr18-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945907311322"},{"key":"bibr19-21650799221126364","unstructured":"International Labour Office\/International Council of Nurses\/World Health Organization\/Public Services International. (2002). Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health sector. International Labour Office. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/\u2014ed_protect\/\u2014protrav\/\u2014safework\/documents\/instructionalmaterial\/wcms_108542.pdf"},{"key":"bibr20-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000807"},{"key":"bibr21-21650799221126364","unstructured":"The Joint Commission. (2012). Improving patient and worker safety: Opportunities for synergy, collaboration and innovation. https:\/\/www.jointcommission.org\/-\/media\/tjc\/documents\/resources\/patient-safety-topics\/patient-safety\/tjc-improvingpatientandworkersafety-monograph.pdf"},{"key":"bibr22-21650799221126364","unstructured":"The Joint Commission. (2017). Sentinel Event Alert 58: Inadequate hand-off communication. https:\/\/www.jointcommission.org\/resources\/patient-safety-topics\/sentinel-event\/sentinel-event-alert-newsletters\/sentinel-event-alert-58-inadequate-hand-off-communication\/"},{"key":"bibr23-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.11.010"},{"key":"bibr24-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987120960200"},{"key":"bibr25-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001100"},{"key":"bibr26-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20311"},{"key":"bibr27-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.397"},{"key":"bibr28-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HMR.0000000000000156"},{"key":"bibr29-21650799221126364","unstructured":"McGaffigan P., Gerwig K., Kingston M. B. (2020). Workforce safety key to patient safety: Improvement science can help bridge the gap. Healthcare Executive, 35(6), 48\u201350. http:\/\/www.ihi.org\/resources\/Pages\/Publications\/workforce-safety-key-to-patient-safety.aspx"},{"key":"bibr30-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2011-000582"},{"key":"bibr31-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13884"},{"key":"bibr32-21650799221126364","unstructured":"National Steering Committee for Patient Safety. (2020). Safer together: A national action plan to advance patient safety. Institute for Healthcare Improvement. http:\/\/www.ihi.org\/SafetyActionPlan"},{"key":"bibr33-21650799221126364","author":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration","year":"2016","journal-title":"Guidelines for preventing workplace violence for healthcare and social service workers"},{"key":"bibr34-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1005-9_961"},{"key":"bibr35-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1501998"},{"key":"bibr36-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186587"},{"key":"bibr37-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000298"},{"key":"bibr38-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2013-002042"},{"key":"bibr39-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31949-8"},{"key":"bibr40-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2078-6"},{"key":"bibr41-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr42-21650799221126364","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020, April). Fact sheet: Workplace violence in healthcare, 2018. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/oshwc\/cfoi\/workplace-violence-healthcare-2018.htm"},{"key":"bibr43-21650799221126364","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.). DOL workplace violence program. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration & Management, U.S. Department of Labor. https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/oasam\/centers-offices\/human-resources-center\/policies\/workplace-violence-program"},{"key":"bibr44-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001341"},{"key":"bibr45-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1535-y"},{"key":"bibr46-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31279-X"},{"key":"bibr47-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AH16274"},{"key":"bibr48-21650799221126364","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020). Health worker safety: A priority for patient safety. https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/world-patient-safety-day\/health-worker-safety-charter-wpsd-17-september-2020-3-1.pdf?sfvrsn=2cb6752d_2"},{"key":"bibr49-21650799221126364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020992"}],"container-title":["Workplace Health &amp; Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21650799221126364","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21650799221126364","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21650799221126364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:58:11Z","timestamp":1777593491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21650799221126364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21650799221126364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21650799221126364","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0799","2165-0969"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0799","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-0969","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]}}}