{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:16:56Z","timestamp":1780366616808,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spark Microgrant","award":["Saint Louis University, Office of the Vice Preside"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Saint Louis University, Office of the Vice Preside"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Workplace Health Saf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, healthcare workers were devastated by the insufficient preparedness to respond to their patients\u2019 and personal health needs. A gap exists in resources to prevent or reduce acute and long-term healthcare worker mental illnesses resulting from COVID-19 frontline response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed an exploratory, mixed methods, longitudinal study of healthcare workers at a regional rural-urban hospital system in the Midwest United States during the COVID-19 response (4 timepoints, 2020). Using the Total Worker Health\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (TWH) participatory needs assessment approach, self-identified frontline COVID-19 workers participated in a survey including Health-Related Quality of Life, Impact of Event Scale, and a modified version of the American Nursing Association COVID-19 survey; and a hospital timeline tracked system-level activities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Response rate at Timepoint (T)1 was 21.7% ( N = 39) and of those, 14 (36%) completed all four surveys. From T1 to T4, the rate of COVID-19 patients steadily increased, staff exceeded the threshold for post-traumatic stress disorder at T1 and T4; staff reported not enough rest or sleep 50% of the month, T1-T4. Helpfulness of family support increased but community support decreased, T1-T4. Concerns with performing new tasks increased; the challenges related to lack of protective equipment and negative media decreased. Workers wanted to be involved in decision-making, desired timely communication, and needed adequate physical, environmental, and psychological supports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Applications for Practice:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Utilization of a TWH\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      strategy for describing health needs, hospital response, and multi-level staff suggestions to workplace health solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic identified evidence-based health promotion interventions in a hospital system.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799231202792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T04:34:22Z","timestamp":1698122062000},"page":"30-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["COVID-19 Preparedness, Stressors, and Data-Driven Solutions for Healthcare Workers at a Regional Rural-Urban Hospital System: A Longitudinal Total Worker Health\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8030-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Jaegers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University"},{"name":"School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"McAndrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cornelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, Saint Louis University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan D.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri Health Care"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Pridgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri Health Care"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-9982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazen","family":"El Ghaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solomont School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Lowell"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21650799231202792","unstructured":"American Nurses Association. (2020). COVID-19 survey \u2014Results. https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/practice-policy\/work-environment\/health-safety\/disaster-preparedness\/coronavirus\/what-you-need-to-know\/covid-19-survey-results\/"},{"key":"bibr2-21650799231202792","unstructured":"American Nurses Foundation. (2020). Pulse on the nation\u2019s nurses COVID-19 survey series: Mental health and wellness survey 2. https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/practice-policy\/work-environment\/health-safety\/disaster-preparedness\/coronavirus\/what-you-need-to-know\/mental-health-and-wellness-survey-2\/"},{"key":"bibr3-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2022.1"},{"key":"bibr4-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00294.x"},{"key":"bibr5-21650799231202792","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2000). Measuring healthy days. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hrqol\/pdfs\/mhd.pdf"},{"key":"bibr6-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqh027"},{"key":"bibr7-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820932699"},{"key":"bibr8-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011"},{"key":"bibr9-21650799231202792","unstructured":"Economic Research Service. (2013). Rural-urban continuum codes. United States Department of Agriculture. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-continuum-codes"},{"key":"bibr10-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799211024867"},{"key":"bibr11-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1211"},{"key":"bibr12-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9010084"},{"key":"bibr13-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.202043"},{"key":"bibr14-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2553-z"},{"key":"bibr15-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2020.10.008"},{"key":"bibr16-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaegers L. A., Ahmad S. O., Scheetz G. *Bixler E., Nadimpalli S., Barnidge E., Katz I. M., Vaughn M. G., Matthieu M. (2020). Total Worker Health\u00ae needs assessment to identify workplace mental health interventions in rural and urban jails. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74, 7403205020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2020.036400","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2019.036400"},{"key":"bibr17-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237301"},{"key":"bibr18-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S330041"},{"key":"bibr19-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976"},{"key":"bibr20-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.ccc047"},{"key":"bibr21-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa003"},{"key":"bibr22-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079917701140"},{"key":"bibr23-21650799231202792","volume-title":"Research compendium: The NIOSH Total Worker Health (TM) Program: Seminal research papers 2012","author":"Sorensen G.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr24-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.08.005"},{"key":"bibr25-21650799231202792","unstructured":"Spader C. (2020). 2020 nursing trends and salary survey results. American Nurse Journal, 15(11), 17\u201321. https:\/\/www.myamericannurse.com\/2020-nursing-trends-and-salary-survey-results\/"},{"key":"bibr26-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00654-4"},{"key":"bibr27-21650799231202792","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.032"}],"container-title":["Workplace Health &amp; Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21650799231202792","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21650799231202792","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21650799231202792","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:58:53Z","timestamp":1777593533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21650799231202792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21650799231202792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21650799231202792","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0799","2165-0969"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0799","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-0969","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}}}