{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:14:06Z","timestamp":1784092446725,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Workplace Health Saf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Workplace violence has a significant impact on patients, families, and staff safety. Workplace violence can produce traumatic results for those involved; the importance of preventive measures needs to be paramount in health service policy and process. Health care staff are required to document their experiences of violent incidents after every occasion, usually via an incident reporting system, which allows for a free text description of the event. There is a lack of understanding of how health care staff document reports of violence and how they explain the events. Methods: This study aims to determine the circumstances surrounding workplace violent events as documented by health care staff. The four-step Review, Extract, Analyze, and Document (READ) approach to document analysis was used to examine workplace violence incident reports over 12\u2009months (September 2021\u2013September 2022) in a tertiary referral hospital. Findings: Six categories of workplace violence were found: (a) \u201cEscalation Dynamics\u201d\u2014patterns and progression of how violence incidents intensify; (b) \u201cWarning Behaviors\u201d\u2014verbal or non-verbal signals that may foreshadow physical violence if not addressed; (c) \u201cAuthoritative Institutional Interventions\u201d\u2014how aggression correlates to protocols involving security personnel or law enforcement; (d) \u201cCare Delivery Methods\u201d\u2014how certain treatment procedures and approaches might inadvertently elicit violence; (e) \u201cSituational Stressors\u201d\u2014external circumstances or changes that act as triggers for violence; and (f) \u201cUnprovoked triggers\u201d\u2014sudden and seemingly unprovoked violent outbursts. Conclusions and application to practice: Workplace violence in health care is a multifaceted interplay of events with the nurse involved in all aspects of the process. These findings can be used by occupational health nurses in education and policy development. The findings can be used to focus education on how violent incidents may escalate and provide more opportunities for de-escalation by health care staff.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799241282343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T06:46:44Z","timestamp":1731566804000},"page":"139-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Understanding the Experience of Workplace Violence in Hospitals as Documented by Nursing Staff: Using the READ Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Brunero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology Sydney and Mental Health Liaison, Prince of Wales Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8562-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emine","family":"Tetik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital"},{"name":"University of New South Wales, Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Lamont, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology Sydney and University of Central Lancashire, Preston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.02.009"},{"key":"bibr2-21650799241282343","unstructured":"American Nurses Association. (2019). Reporting incidents of workplace violence [Issue Brief]. https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/globalassets\/practiceandpolicy\/work-environment\/endnurseabuse\/endabuse-issue-brief-final.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12494"},{"key":"bibr4-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12113"},{"key":"bibr5-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2020.100942"},{"key":"bibr6-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987107081254"},{"key":"bibr7-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.104976"},{"key":"bibr8-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15780"},{"key":"bibr9-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799231176078"},{"key":"bibr10-21650799241282343","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory","author":"Charmaz K.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr11-21650799241282343","first-page":"14","volume":"7","author":"Chirico F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences"},{"key":"bibr12-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12986"},{"key":"bibr13-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaa064"},{"key":"bibr14-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.101017"},{"key":"bibr15-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390316687372"},{"key":"bibr16-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x"},{"key":"bibr17-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.26.28.40.s51"},{"key":"bibr18-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2022.09.015"},{"key":"bibr19-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12781"},{"key":"bibr20-21650799241282343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15837"},{"key":"bibr21-21650799241282343","unstructured":"International Labour Office. 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