{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:02:23Z","timestamp":1789459343321,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Adventist Hospital","award":["TAH-112-PR-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TAH-112-PR-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Workplace Health Saf"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a common occupational health concern among nurses, particularly operating room (OR) nurses because of prolonged static postures and repetitive tasks in confined surgical settings. Here, we evaluated the effect of a structured stretching exercise program for OR nurses on musculoskeletal discomfort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A quasi-experimental two-group pretest\u2013posttest design was employed. Using a convenience sample, we recruited OR nurses with musculoskeletal pain or discomfort lasting \u226530\u2009days in the past year from a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan. The intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) completed 30\u2009minutes of stretching 5\u2009days\/week for 6\u2009weeks, with one supervised and four app-guided sessions. The control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) continued their usual routines. WMSDs in 15 body regions were assessed with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention. Intervention effects were analyzed using independent and paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants had a mean age and OR experience of 37.8 (standard deviation, 7.7) and 11.9\u2009years (standard deviation, 10.9), respectively. The intervention group showed a significantly greater reduction in total musculoskeletal discomfort scores than the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.73,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Significant improvements occurred in 8 of 15 body regions, particularly the right shoulder (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.04,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.006), lower back (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094.83,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and left wrist\/hand (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.25,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A structured stretching program is a feasible, low-cost strategy to reduce WMSDs and promote well-being among OR nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Application to Practice:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support implementing exercise interventions in occupational health promotion for perioperative settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799261449265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:24:02Z","timestamp":1780061042000},"page":"558-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of a Stretching Exercise Program on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Operating Room Nurses: A Quasi-Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Yu-Hsuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Taiwan Adventist Hospital"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Taipei Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Shyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Chang Gung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8428-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Nu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Center for Health and Geriatric Care Research and Development, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Chieh","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Taiwan Adventist Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2021","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine. (2021). ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.","edition":"11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barros C. Baylina P. (2024). Disclosing strain: How psychosocial risk factors influence work-related musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare workers preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21(5) Article 564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21050564","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21050564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clari M. Garzaro G. Di Maso M. Donato F. Godono A. Paleologo M. Dimonte V. Pira E. (2019). Upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders in operating room nurses: A multicenter cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(16) Article 2844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16162844","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16162844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Silva Filho J. N. Gurgel J. L. Porto F. (2020). Influence of stretching exercises in musculoskeletal pain in nursing professionals. Fisioterapia em Movimento 33(1) Article e003317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1980-5918.033.AO17","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5918.033.ao17"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"753","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of Nordic musculoskeletal Questionnaire in nurses","volume":"31","author":"Fang Y. X.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fang Y. X., Li S. Y., Zhang Y. N., Zhang P., Wu H., Wang D. H. (2013). Test-retest reliability of Nordic musculoskeletal Questionnaire in nurses. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 31(10), 753\u2013758. (Original work published in China)","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorce P. Jacquier-Bret J. (2025). Work-related musculoskeletal disorder prevalence by body area among nurses in Europe: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 10(1) Article 66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk10010066","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10010066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"International Organisation of Employers. (2023). Promoting health and wellbeing at work. Industrial Relations and Labour Law News. https:\/\/industrialrelationsnews.ioe-emp.org\/industrial-relations-and-labour-law-january-2023\/news\/article\/promoting-health-and-wellbeing-at-work"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacquier-Bret J. Gorce P. (2025). Work-related musculoskeletal disorder prevalence by body area among nurses in Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22(4) Article 652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22040652","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22040652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolovou A. Gkougkoulias A. N. Stefanou N. Samaila E. M. Tsekoura M. Vlychou M. Matzaroglou C. Dailiana Z. H. (2025). Musculoskeletal disorders in nursing staff. World Journal of Methodology 15(2) Article 98043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5662\/wjm.v15.i2.98043","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v15.i2.98043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konrad A. Nakamura M. Sardroodian M. Aboozari N. Anvar S. H. Behm D. G. (2025). The effects of chronic stretch training on musculoskeletal pain. European Journal of Applied Physiology 125(8) 2037\u20132048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05747-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05747-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koyuncu A. Kaya K. Kaya O. Yava A. (2025). The impact of work-related musculoskeletal pains on routine tasks among operating room nurses: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Pain Management Nursing 26(1) e88\u2013e96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2024.08.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2024.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuorinka I. Jonsson B. Kilbom A. Vinterberg H. Biering-S\u00f8rensen F. Andersson G. J\u00f8rgensen K. (1987). Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics 18(3) 233\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mardiani M. Maksuk M. Husni H. Lestari W. Hamid A. (2022). The effect of workplace stretching exercise (WSE) interventions on Nurse\u2019s musculoskeletal complaints at health services in Bengkulu. International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology 2(6) 371\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35882\/ijahst.v2i6.172","DOI":"10.35882\/ijahst.v2i6.172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira R. F. C. Moriguchi C. S. Carnaz L. Foltran F. A. Silva L. C. C. B. Coury H. J. C. G. (2021). Effects of a workplace exercise program on physical capacity and lower back symptoms in hospital nursing assistants: A randomized controlled trial. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 94(2) 275\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-020-01572-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-020-01572-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muir K. J. Porat-Dahlerbruch J. Nikpour J. Leep-Lazar K. Lasater K. B. (2024). Top factors in nurses ending health care employment between 2018 and 2021. JAMA Network Open 7(4) Article e244121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4121","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2024). About ergonomics and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/ergonomics\/about\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen T. H. Hoang D. L. Hoang T. G. Pham M. K. Nguyen V. K. Bodin J. Dewitte J. D. Roquelaure Y. (2020). Quality of life among district hospital nurses with multisite musculoskeletal symptoms in Vietnam. Journal of Occupational Health 62(1) Article e12161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1348-9585.12161","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noormohammadpour P. Kordi M. Mansournia M. A. Akbari-Fakhrabadi M. Kordi R. (2018). The role of a multi-step core stability exercise program in the treatment of nurses with chronic low back pain: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Asian Spine Journal 12(3) 490\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4184\/asj.2018.12.3.490","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2018.12.3.490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oakman J. Macdonald W. A. McCredie K. Clune S. (2025). Impact of work-related psychosocial versus biomechanical hazards on risk of musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Applied Ergonomics 125 Article 104481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2025.104481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2025.104481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration & Ministry of Labor. (2020). Guidelines for the prevention of ergonomic hazards. (Original work published in Chinese). https:\/\/www.osha.gov.tw\/48110\/48713\/48735\/60198\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2022). Promoting health and well-being at work: Policy and practices. OECD Health Policy Studies. OECD Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/e179b2a5-en","DOI":"10.1787\/e179b2a5-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shephard R. J. (1988). PAR-Q Canadian home fitness test and exercise screening alternatives. Sports Medicine 5(3) 185\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-198805030-00005","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198805030-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skovlund S. V. Bl\u00e1foss R. Sundstrup E. Andersen L. L. (2020). Association between physical work demands and work ability in workers with musculoskeletal pain: Cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 21(1) Article 166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-020-03191-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03191-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun W. Yin L. Zhang T. Zhang H. Zhang R. Cai W. (2023). Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses: A meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Public Health 52(3) 463\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijph.v52i3.12130","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v52i3.12130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","unstructured":"Tang X. Li L. Zhao Y. Hu N. Fu F. Li B. Yang M. Li Y. (2025). Latent class analysis and influencing factor study of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among operating room nurses in tertiary hospitals. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine 42(3) 293\u2013301. (Original work published in Chinese). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11836\/JEOM24361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020). Occupational injuries and illnesses resulting in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/factsheets\/msds.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240015128"}],"container-title":["Workplace Health &amp; Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21650799261449265","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21650799261449265","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21650799261449265","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:04:19Z","timestamp":1789455859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21650799261449265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21650799261449265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21650799261449265","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0799","2165-0969"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0799","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-0969","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}}}