{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:29:37Z","timestamp":1780086577338,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Psychological Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A well-established literature has identified different selective attentional orienting mechanisms underlying anxiety-related attentional bias, such as engagement and disengagement of attention. These mechanisms are thought to contribute to the onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, conclusions to date have relied heavily on experimental work from subclinical samples. We therefore investigated individuals with diagnosed generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), healthy volunteers, and individuals with high trait anxiety (but not meeting GAD diagnostic criteria). Across two experiments we found faster disengagement from negative (angry and fearful) faces in GAD groups, an effect opposite to that expected on the basis of the subclinical literature. Together these data challenge current assumptions that we can generalize, to those with GAD, the pattern of selective attentional orienting to threat found in subclinical groups. We suggest a decisive two-stage experiment identifying stimuli of primary salience in GAD, then using these to reexamine orienting mechanisms across groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614545216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T22:42:05Z","timestamp":1412289725000},"page":"758-771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Mechanisms of Selective Attention in Generalized Anxiety Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Yiend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London and University of California, Davis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Dutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of La Laguna, Tenerife"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Luckie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Essex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012589"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00039-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","volume-title":"BDI\u2013II, Beck Depression Inventory: Manual","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beck A. T., Steer R. A., Brown G. K. (1996). BDI\u2013II, Beck Depression Inventory: Manual (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Harcourt Brace.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162845"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders","author":"Clark D. A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clark D. A., Beck A. T. (2010). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders. New York, NY: Guilford."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.2.225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135062899394920"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","volume-title":"Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues","author":"Ekman P.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ekman P., Friesen W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","volume-title":"Pictures of facial affect","author":"Ekman P.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ekman P., Friesen W. V. (1976). Pictures of facial affect. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203630"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2013IV Axis 1 Disorders\u2013Research Version","author":"First M. B.","year":"1996","unstructured":"First M. B., Spitzer R. L., Gibbon M., Williams J. B. W. (1996). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2013IV Axis 1 Disorders\u2013Research Version. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-014-9604-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.3.478"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.4.681"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930143000527"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280444000076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","volume-title":"A user\u2019s guide to the GHQ","author":"Goldberg D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Goldberg D., Williams P. (1988). A user\u2019s guide to the GHQ. Windsor, England: NFER-Nelson."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018264"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691611421205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024947"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014379"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135062899394939"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000414022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90132-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280344000095"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018738019346"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.45.020194.000325"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","volume-title":"Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE)","author":"Matsumoto D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Matsumoto D., Ekman P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE). San Francisco, CA: San Francisco State University, Department of Psychology, Intercultural and Emotion Research Laboratory."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.95.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00063-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026999300378888"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.4.695"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145708009164"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","volume-title":"Manual for Raven\u2019s Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales","author":"Raven J. C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Raven J. C., Court J. H., Raven J. (1986). Manual for Raven\u2019s Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. Oxford, England: Oxford Psychologists Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939508408970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(95)00040-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","volume-title":"Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Spielberger C. D., Gorsuch R. L., Lushene R., Vagg P. R., Jacobs G. A. (1983). Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034834"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181642992"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","volume-title":"Cognitive psychology and emotional disorder","author":"Williams J. M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Williams J. M., Watts F. N., MacLeod C., Mathews A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorder (2nd ed.). Chichester, England: Wiley.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.2.212"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-014-9605-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903205698"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-013-9571-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980042000462"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Cognitive methods in clinical research","author":"Yiend J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yiend J., Mathews A. (2004). Biases in attention: Methods, mechanisms and meaning. In Wenzel A., Rubin D. C. (Eds.), Cognitive methods in clinical research (pp. 97\u2013117). Washington, DC: APA Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614528163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"}],"container-title":["Clinical Psychological Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2167702614545216","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2167702614545216","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2167702614545216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:42:03Z","timestamp":1777394523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2167702614545216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2167702614545216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167702614545216","relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-7026","2167-7034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-7026","type":"print"},{"value":"2167-7034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]}}}