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Neurophysiological indices of biobehavioral processes specific to either subdimension may provide a means for doing so. Here, we report evidence for opposing associations of a well-established neural indicator of reward responsiveness\u2014the reward positivity (RewP)\u2014with trait indices of depressive and phobic-fear pathology. Furthermore, these relationships were strengthened when controlling for their shared variance via regression modeling. In addition, structural equation modeling revealed that broad negative affectivity reflected the shared variance between the two trait indices. Our findings point to the potential use of reduced RewP to improve differential diagnosis of depressive versus phobic-fear conditions. They also indicate that variance shared between conditions of these types may operate to obscure their observed associations with neural indicators of core processes unique to each.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026241292049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T14:09:02Z","timestamp":1741097342000},"page":"917-932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Opposing Relations of Reward Positivity With Anhedonia and Threat Sensitivity: Implications for Differential Dimensional Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7618-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin B.","family":"Bowyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Ribes-Guardiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keanan J.","family":"Joyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1794-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beatty C. 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