{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:07:07Z","timestamp":1790892427954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentered retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the incidence and circumstances surrounding the development of a symptomatic postoperative epidural hematoma in the cervical spine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who underwent cervical spine surgery between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, at 23 institutions were reviewed, and all patients who developed an epidural hematoma were identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 16\u2009582 cervical spine surgeries were identified, and 15 patients developed a postoperative epidural hematoma, for a total incidence of 0.090%. Substantial variation between institutions was noted, with 11 sites reporting no epidural hematomas, and 1 site reporting an incidence of 0.76%. All patients initially presented with a neurologic deficit. Nine patients had complete resolution of the neurologic deficit after hematoma evacuation; however 2 of the 3 patients (66%) who had a delay in the diagnosis of the epidural hematoma had residual neurologic deficits compared to only 4 of the 12 patients (33%) who had no delay in the diagnosis or treatment ( P = .53). Additionally, the patients who experienced a postoperative epidural hematoma did not experience any significant improvement in health-related quality-of-life metrics as a result of the index procedure at final follow-up evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the largest series to date to analyze the incidence of an epidural hematoma following cervical spine surgery, and this study suggest that an epidural hematoma occurs in approximately 1 out of 1000 cervical spine surgeries. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may improve the chance of making a complete neurologic recovery, but patients who develop this complication do not show improvements in the health-related quality-of-life measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568216687754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T14:33:02Z","timestamp":1492612382000},"page":"120S-126S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Epidural Hematoma Following Cervical Spine Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson Medical College, The Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Hilibrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson Medical College, The Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Fish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The UCLA Spine Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Spine Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Gum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wellington K.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziya L.","family":"Gokaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Kanter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Mroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Nassr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick C.","family":"Sasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA"},{"name":"Indiana Spine Group, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zorica","family":"Buser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter I.","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhananjay","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica L.","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik N.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen J.","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily C.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison K.","family":"Roe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Justin","family":"Tortolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Alex","family":"Stroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa Y.","family":"Yanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Daniel","family":"Riew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"NewYork-Presbyterian\/The Allen Hospital, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2192568216687754","author":"Tian W","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"bibr2-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.6.SPINE13996"},{"key":"bibr3-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000284"},{"key":"bibr4-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a7eb27"},{"key":"bibr5-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B7.31029"},{"key":"bibr6-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.03.030"},{"key":"bibr7-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.02.024"},{"key":"bibr8-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.11.043"},{"key":"bibr9-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200307000-00020"},{"key":"bibr10-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3944\/AOTT.2014.13.0133"},{"key":"bibr11-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.120777"},{"key":"bibr12-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.11.015"},{"key":"bibr13-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244614.84685.c2"},{"key":"bibr14-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.11.020"},{"key":"bibr15-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2011.08.008"},{"key":"bibr16-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.3.3615887"},{"key":"bibr17-2192568216687754","first-page":"136","volume":"59","author":"Djukic S","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bildgebung"},{"key":"bibr18-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.3.7863890"},{"key":"bibr19-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1483-x"},{"key":"bibr20-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000190560.20872.a7"},{"key":"bibr21-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B9.16518"},{"key":"bibr22-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208010-00016"},{"key":"bibr23-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00535-1"},{"key":"bibr24-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2006.47.3.326"},{"key":"bibr25-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3297-8"},{"key":"bibr26-2192568216687754","first-page":"335","volume":"86","author":"Cabana F","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"bibr27-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.793289"},{"key":"bibr28-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.SPINE10716"},{"key":"bibr29-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.028"},{"key":"bibr30-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4223-z"},{"key":"bibr31-2192568216687754","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01490"}],"container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2192568216687754","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2192568216687754","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2192568216687754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:18:24Z","timestamp":1777447104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2192568216687754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2192568216687754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568216687754","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-5682","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-5690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}}}