{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:53:09Z","timestamp":1787863989761,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A biomechanical study using finite element analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of sacral slope in the progression of a L5 bilateral spondylolytic defect to spondylolisthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3-dimensional model of lumbosacral spine was built using computed tomography (CT) data procured from an anonymized healthy male subject. The segmented CT data was manipulated to generate 3 more models representing L5 bilateral spondylolytic defect with normal sacral slope (SS), sacral slope increased by 10\u00b0 (SS+10), and sacral slope decreased by 10\u00b0 (SS-10). The 3D models were imported into finite element modelling software Strand7 for preprocessing, running nonlinear static solves, and postprocessing of the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Directional biomechanical instabilities were induced in the lumbosacral spine as a result of changes in the L5-S1 disc shape secondary to the changes in sacral slope. Compared with the normal L5 lytic model, wedging of the L5-S1 disc (SS+10) resulted in a significantly greater range of motion in flexion (18% \u2191) but extension motion characteristics were similar. Conversely, flattening of the L5-S1 disc (SS-10) resulted in a significantly greater range of motion in extension (16% \u2191) but flexion motion characteristics were similar to that of the normal L5 lytic model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Variations in sacral slope while preserving the L5-S1 mid-disc height and orientation of the L5 vertebra resulted in variations in the L5-S1 disc shape. The results suggest that for such extremities in the L5-S1 disc shape different pathomechanisms exist for the progression of the L5 lytic defect to spondylolisthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217735802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T22:32:58Z","timestamp":1510871578000},"page":"460-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Role of Sacral Slope in the Progression of a Bilateral Spondylolytic Defect at L5 to Spondylolisthesis: A Biomechanical Investigation Using Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Vivek A. S.","family":"Ramakrishna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, Kogarah, Sydney NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uphar","family":"Chamoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, Kogarah, Sydney NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke L.","family":"Viglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, Kogarah, Sydney NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Tsafnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales Australia, Kensington campus, Sydney NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish D.","family":"Diwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, Kogarah, Sydney NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2192568217735802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466050-00008"},{"key":"bibr2-2192568217735802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-0942-0"},{"key":"bibr3-2192568217735802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000239155.37261.69"},{"key":"bibr4-2192568217735802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1932-1"},{"key":"bibr5-2192568217735802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31814b2cee"},{"key":"bibr6-2192568217735802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0101-4"},{"key":"bibr7-2192568217735802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0348-4"},{"issue":"117","key":"bibr8-2192568217735802","first-page":"40","author":"Farfan HF","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat 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