{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:56:45Z","timestamp":1781661405666,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective database study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the economic and age data concerning primary and revision posterolateral fusion (PLF) and posterior\/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF\/TLIF) throughout the United States to improve value-based care and health care utilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for patients who underwent primary or revision PLF and PLIF\/TLIF between 2011 and 2014. Age and economic data included number of procedures, costs, and revision burden. The National Inpatient Sample database represents a 20% sample of discharges from US hospitals weighted to provide national estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2011 to 2014, the annual number of PLF and PLIF\/TLIF procedures decreased 18% and increased 23%, respectively, in the Unites States. During the same period, the number of revision PLF decreased 19%, while revision PLIF\/TLIF remained relatively unchanged. The average cost of PLF was lower than the average cost of PLIF\/TLIF. The aggregate national cost for PLF was more than $3 billion, while PLIF\/TLIF totaled less than $2 billion. Revision burden (ratio of revision surgeries to the sum of both revision and primary surgeries) remained constant at 8.0% for PLF while it declined from 3.2% to 2.9% for PLIF\/TLIF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated a steady increase in PLIF\/TLIF, while PLF alone decreased. The increasing number of PLIF\/TLIF procedures may account for the apparent decline of PLF procedures. There was a higher average cost for PLIF\/TLIF as compared with PLF. Revision burden remained unchanged for PLF but declined for PLIF\/TLIF, implying a decreased need for revision procedures following the initial PLIF\/TLIF surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218790557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T21:40:05Z","timestamp":1534369205000},"page":"185-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Utilization and Economic Impact of Posterolateral Fusion and Posterior\/Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgeries in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Comron","family":"Saifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cazzulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Laratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York-Presbyterian\/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshay V.","family":"Save","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal N.","family":"Shillingford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York-Presbyterian\/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip K.","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Pugely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Arlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2192568218790557","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000579"},{"key":"bibr2-2192568218790557","unstructured":"2013 Introduction to the HCUP National Inpatient Sample. 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