{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:17:55Z","timestamp":1777659475647,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify disparities in surgical decision making for lumbar disc pathologies based on patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and temporal characteristics of admission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of patients admitted for surgical intervention of disc herniation or degeneration was performed to observe the effect of demographic, hospital, and admission-related factors on the decision to perform an isolated decompression or decompression with single level fusion using the National Inpatient Sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 84\u2009953 patients with lumbar disc pathologies, 69\u2009975 patients were treated electively, and 14\u2009978 patients were treated nonelectively. Hispanic and Asian\/Pacific Islander patients were less likely to receive a fusion for elective cases compared with White patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, P = .004; OR 0.70, P &lt; .001, respectively). In elective cases, privately insured and self-paying patients were less likely to receive a fusion compared with Medicare patients (OR 0.83, P &lt; .001; OR 0.66, P &lt; .001, respectively), while this effect was limited to self-pay patients in nonelective cases (OR 0.44, P &lt; .001). Urban teaching and nonteaching hospitals were less likely to perform fusions compared with rural hospitals in nonelective cases (OR 0.47, P &lt; .001; OR 0.58, P &lt; .001, respectively). Private for-profit hospitals were associated with higher rates of fusion in both elective and nonelective cases (OR 1.16, P = .003; OR 1.94, P &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study illustrates disparities in the modality of surgical intervention for lumbar disc pathologies in terms of demographics, hospital characteristics, and temporal characteristics of admission. The development of more evidence-based guidelines is warranted to reduce variability seen in treatment regimens for these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568220951137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T05:44:00Z","timestamp":1600235040000},"page":"278-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Disparities in Rates of Fusions in Lumbar Disc Pathologies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Soobin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 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