{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:58:50Z","timestamp":1778605130482,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of missed curve progression in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) undergoing brace treatment with only in-brace follow-up radiographs, and to provide recommendations on when in-brace and out-of-brace should be obtained during follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>133 patients who had documented clinically significant curve progression during brace treatment or only when an out-of-brace radiograph were studied. Of these, 95 patients (71.4%) had curve progression noted on in-brace radiographs while 38 patients (28.6%) showed curve progression only after brace removal. We analyzed differences in age, sex, curve types, Risser stage, months after menarche, standing out-of-brace Cobb angle, correction rate, and flexibility rate between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors contributing to curve progression missed during brace treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no differences in initial Cobb angle between out-of-brace and in-brace deterioration groups. However, the correction rate was higher (32.7% vs 25.0%; P = .004) in the in-brace deterioration group as compared to the out-of-brace deterioration group. A lower correction rate was more likely to result in out-of-brace deterioration (OR 0.970; P = .019). For thoracic curves, higher flexibility in the curves was more likely to result in out-of-brace deterioration (OR 1.055; P = .045). For double\/triple curves, patients with in-brace deterioration had higher correction rate (OR 0.944; P = .034).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients may develop curve progression despite good correction on in-brace radiographs. Those with higher flexibility and suboptimal brace fitting are at-risk. In-brace and out-of-brace radiographs should be taken alternately for brace treatment follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211032559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T05:30:08Z","timestamp":1626327008000},"page":"1332-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alternate In-Brace and Out-of-Brace Radiographs Are Recommended to Assess Brace Fitting and Curve Progression With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3213-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prudence Wing Hang","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0029-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuma","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason Pui Yin","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bibr1-21925682211032559","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Knott 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