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Surgical intervention may halt progression and improve symptoms, though the majority do not make a full recovery leading to lifelong disability. Neuroprotective agents disrupt deleterious secondary injury pathways, and one agent, Riluzole, has undergone Phase-III investigation in DCM. Although it did not show efficacy on the primary outcome modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale, it showed promising results in pain reduction. Regenerative approaches are in the early stage, with one agent, Ibudilast, currently in a phase-III investigation. Neuromodulation approaches aim to therapeutically alter the state of spinal cord excitation by electrical stimulation with a variety of approaches. Case studies using electrical neuromuscular and spinal cord stimulation have shown positive therapeutic utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited research into interventions in the 3 broad areas of neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, and neuromodulation for DCM. Contemporary and novel therapies for DCM are now a top 10 priority, and whilst research in these areas is limited in DCM, it is hoped that this review will encourage research into this priority.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211052920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T05:46:53Z","timestamp":1645076813000},"page":"109S-121S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Developing Novel Therapies for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 7]: Opportunities From Restorative Neurobiology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6705-1115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aref-Ali","family":"Gharooni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopedics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5722-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1587-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy F.","family":"Boerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6903-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rodrigues-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Unit (UVM), Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto - Hospital de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9250-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Aarne","family":"Koljonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekar N.","family":"Kurpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Harrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bizhan","family":"Aarabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vafa","family":"Rahimi-Movaghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-0305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-5069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R. 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