{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:49:28Z","timestamp":1781243368246,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective Exact Matched case-control study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical treatment delay in AIS due to family preferences is common. This study aims to quantify the increase in risks as the Cobb angle increases and provide a Quantifiable Risk Reference Table that can be utilized for counseling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AIS patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A: Cobb angle 50\u201360\u00b0, Group 61\u201370\u00b0, and Group C\n                      <jats:sub>Final<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u226580\u00b0. Each patient in Group C\n                      <jats:sub>Final<\/jats:sub>\n                      who had curve progression were then traced-back-in-time (TBIT) to review the clinical data at earlier presentations at 50\u201360\u00b0 (C\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and 61\u201370\u00b0 (C\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Patient demographics, radiological, operative, and outcomes data were compared between Group A vs C\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and Group B vs Group C\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 614 AIS surgeries were reviewed. Utilizing the EM technique, a total of 302 AIS patients were recruited. There were 147, 111, 31, and 32 patients matched in Groups A, B, C\n                      <jats:sub>1,<\/jats:sub>\n                      and C\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , respectively. C\n                      <jats:sub>2 Final<\/jats:sub>\n                      patients had 34% curve pattern change, 23.2% higher incidence of requiring two surgeries, and 17.3% increase in complications. There was a statistically significant increase of 2.4 spinal levels fused, 12% increase in implant density, 35% increase in operative time, 97% increase in intra-operative blood loss, 10% loss of scoliosis correction, 40% longer hospitalization stay, and 36% increase in costs for patients who had curve progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to use a homogenously matched AIS cohort to provide a Quantifiable Risk Reference Table. The Risk Table provides essential knowledge for treating physicians when counseling AIS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221079262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T20:05:23Z","timestamp":1646769923000},"page":"2228-2238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Risk Quantification Reference Table for Progressed Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: An Exact Case Matched Outcomes Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Spine Centre, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1939-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Hao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Spine Centre, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijian","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leok Lim","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Spine Centre, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiong Huak","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Kit","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Spine Centre, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001350"},{"key":"bibr2-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.5.559"},{"key":"bibr3-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163050-00003"},{"key":"bibr4-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365040-00004"},{"key":"bibr5-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.58601"},{"key":"bibr6-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2018.09.012"},{"key":"bibr7-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200009150-00020"},{"key":"bibr8-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567050-00017"},{"key":"bibr9-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3421-9"},{"key":"bibr10-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2018.05.012"},{"key":"bibr11-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101511"},{"key":"bibr12-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01682"},{"key":"bibr13-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/POR.S122563"},{"key":"bibr14-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198610000-00006"},{"key":"bibr15-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002848"},{"key":"bibr16-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00554-5"},{"key":"bibr17-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31826c63cb"},{"key":"bibr18-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164702320155248"},{"key":"bibr19-21925682221079262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2258-3"},{"key":"bibr20-21925682221079262","first-page":"S1878","volume":"18","author":"Grabala 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