{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:13:30Z","timestamp":1777659210092,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To elucidate incidence, risk factor, and clinical effect of bone regrowth after posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-eight patients who underwent PCF for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and were followed up for &gt;2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Foraminal dimension, sagittal gap at resected area, facet thickness, lamina length, and cervical range of motion (ROM) were measured. Neck pain visual analogue scale (VAS), arm pain VAS, and neck disability index (NDI) were recorded. Radiographic measures were compared between segments with foraminal narrowing of \u226520% at the 2-years follow-up (restenosis segments) and foraminal narrowing of &lt;20% (patent segments).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-nine patients with 109 segments were included. 73.4% (80\/109) of foramens demonstrated foraminal narrowing and decrease of foraminal dimension of \u226520% occurred in 30.3% (30\/109). Foraminal dimension at postoperative 2-days was significantly higher in the restenosis segments ( P = .047). Furthermore, increase of foraminal dimension was significantly associated with foraminal restenosis of \u226520% ( P = .018). Facet thickness was significantly higher in the restenosis segments compared to patent segments at postoperative 2-years follow-up ( P = .038). Neck pain VAS was significantly aggravated only in the restenosis group at postoperative 2-years follow-up ( P &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foraminal narrowing commonly occurs after PCF due to bone healing. Bone growth occurs in all directions while medial facet growth contributes more to foraminal restenosis. Greater widening of foramen during PCF is a risk factor for postoperative foramen restenosis. Therefore, amount of bone resection should be kept optimal and excessive resection should be avoided to prevent foramen restenosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221083268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T19:37:45Z","timestamp":1648150665000},"page":"2357-2366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Foraminal Restenosis After Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for the Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3704-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeong-Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic surgery, Busan Bumin Hospital, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1178-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hwan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Ju","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyangsi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choon Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8959-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sehan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyangsi, Gyeonggido, Republic of 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