{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:04:58Z","timestamp":1793448298516,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reimbursement trends for common procedures have persistently declined over the past 2 decades. Spinal instrumentational and fusion procedures are increasingly utilized and have increased in clinical complexity, yet longitudinal inflation-adjusted data for Medicare reimbursements of these procedures have not been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool was used to extract Medicare reimbursements for the 5 most common spinal procedures and associated instrumentations from 2000-2020. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes include 22551, 22600, 22633, 63030, and 63047 as well as instrumentation CPT codes 22840 and 22842-6. The nominal values were adjusted for inflation according to the latest consumer price index (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; reported as 2020 USD) and used to calculate average annual percent changes and compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) in reimbursements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After inflation adjustment, the physician fee reimbursement decreased by 11.05% \u00b1 8.46% (mean \u00b1 s.d., from $2,009.89 in 2011 to $1,787.85 in 2020) for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), 28.38% \u00b1 8.42% (from $1,889.38 in 2000 to $1,353.14 in 2020) for posterior cervical fusion, 7.85% \u00b1 8.20% (from $2,111.20 in 2012 to $1,945.49 in 2020) for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), 28.17% \u00b1 13.88% (from $1,421.78 in 2000 to $1,021.22 in 2020) for lower back disc surgery, and 31.88% \u00b1 8.22% (from $1,700.38 in 2000 to $1,158.25 in 2020) for lumbar laminectomy. Instrumentation reimbursements showed an average decrease of 33.43% \u00b1 8.4% over this period. Average CAGR was \u22121.7% \u00b1 .41% for procedures and \u22122.02% \u00b1 .14% for instrumentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis reveals a persistent decline in reimbursement rates of the most common spine procedures and instrumentation since the year 2000. If unaddressed, this trend can serve as a substantial disincentive for physicians to perform these procedures and can significantly limit access to spinal care at the population level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221100173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T17:57:03Z","timestamp":1653415023000},"page":"211-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["20-year Inflation-Adjusted Medicare Reimbursements (Years: 2000-2020) For Common Lumbar and Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease Procedures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9126-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedram","family":"Honarpisheh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Conner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Caridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0734"},{"key":"bibr2-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.6.11095"},{"key":"bibr3-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001237"},{"key":"bibr4-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.03.015"},{"key":"bibr5-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.20.01643"},{"key":"bibr6-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002925"},{"key":"bibr7-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211010482"},{"key":"bibr8-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002516"},{"key":"bibr9-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.10.005"},{"key":"bibr10-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003365"},{"key":"bibr11-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003564"},{"key":"bibr12-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyab131"},{"key":"bibr13-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.055"},{"key":"bibr14-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.10.012"},{"key":"bibr15-21925682221100173","unstructured":"United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers. (CPI-U): U.S. city average by expenditure category. A 2021 J. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/cpi.t01.htm."},{"key":"bibr16-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281425"},{"key":"bibr17-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1987"},{"key":"bibr18-21925682221100173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.4512"},{"key":"bibr19-21925682221100173","unstructured":"Fernando J. 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