{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:30:02Z","timestamp":1793712602823,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic overview of the pathogenesis and the treatment options of combined odontoid and atlas fractures in geriatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review is based on articles retrieved by a systematic search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published until February 2021 dealing with combination fractures of C1 and C2 in geriatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, 438 articles were retrieved from the literature search. A total of 430 articles were excluded. The remaining eight original articles were included in this systematic review depicting the topics pathogenesis, non-operative treatment, posterior approach, and anterior approach. The overall level of evidence of the studies is low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined odontoid and atlas fractures in the geriatric population are commonly caused by simple falls and seem to be associated with atlanto-odontoid osteoarthritis. Non-operative treatment with a cervical orthosis is a feasible treatment option in the majority of patients with stable C2 fractures. In case of surgery posterior C1 and C 2 stabilization and anterior triple or quadruple screw fixation are possible techniques. Some patients may also deserve an occipito-cervical fusion. A possible treatment algorithm is proposed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221127951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T16:08:58Z","timestamp":1682093338000},"page":"22S-28S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Combined Odontoid (C2) and Atlas (C1) Fractures in Geriatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Treatment Recommendation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-4192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich J. A.","family":"Spiegl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5051-0998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Osterhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1392-3990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max J.","family":"Scheyerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus John","family":"Schnake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Spinal and Scoliosis Surgery, Malteser Waldkrankenhaus St. Marien gGmbH, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Perl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000153"},{"key":"bibr2-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.1.0139","volume":"91","author":"Guiot B","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr3-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.1.0032"},{"key":"bibr4-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199410150-00009"},{"key":"bibr5-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-018-3013-y"},{"key":"bibr6-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.1.0045"},{"key":"bibr7-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.1.0096"},{"key":"bibr8-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.SPINE08484"},{"key":"bibr9-21925682221127951","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.09.006"},{"key":"bibr10-21925682221127951","first-page":"278","volume":"53","author":"Farrugia P","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian journal of surgery Journal canadien de chirurgie"},{"key":"bibr11-21925682221127951","volume-title":"Wie erhalte ich antworten auf meine fragen? 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