{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:05:58Z","timestamp":1791975958195,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, mono-centric cohort research study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to validate a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm against human-generated ground truth for radiographic parameters of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An AI-algorithm was developed that is capable of detecting anatomical structures of interest (clavicles, cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine and sacrum) and calculate essential radiographic parameters in AP spine X-rays fully automatically. The evaluated parameters included T1-tilt, clavicle angle (CA), coronal balance (CB), lumbar modifier, and Cobb angles in the proximal thoracic (C-PT), thoracic, and thoracolumbar regions. Measurements from 2 experienced physicians on 100 preoperative AP full spine X-rays of AIS patients were used as ground truth and to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. The agreement between human raters and AI was compared by means of single measure Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC; absolute agreement; &gt;.75 rated as excellent), mean error and additional statistical metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The comparison between human raters resulted in excellent ICC values for intra- (range: .97-1) and inter-rater (.85-.99) reliability. The algorithm was able to determine all parameters in 100% of images with excellent ICC values (.78-.98). Consistently with the human raters, ICC values were typically smallest for C-PT (eg, rater 1A vs AI: .78, mean error: 4.7\u00b0) and largest for CB (.96, -.5\u00a0mm) as well as CA (.98, .2\u00b0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AI-algorithm shows excellent reliability and agreement with human raters for coronal parameters in preoperative full spine images. The reliability and speed offered by the AI-algorithm could contribute to the efficient analysis of large datasets (eg, registry studies) and measurements in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231154543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T07:06:05Z","timestamp":1674889565000},"page":"1728-1737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Novel AI-Based Algorithm for the Automated Computation of Coronal Parameters in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Validation Study on 100 Preoperative Full Spine X-Rays"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-6413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Berlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sch\u00f6n Klinik Neustadt","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Adomeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg University, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAYLYTIC GmbH","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Dreischarf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAYLYTIC GmbH","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Halm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sch\u00f6n Klinik Neustadt","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"D\u00fcrr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAYLYTIC GmbH","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Obid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freiburg University Hospital","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0734-5344"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200108000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000024162.02138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1337-3435"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00398-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00223081"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198812000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00074-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07309-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2693-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06115-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/4021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.307105061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218764904"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.07.7145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1808-185120191803196866"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000003522"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He K Gkioxari G Dollar P Girshick R. 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