{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:18:55Z","timestamp":1777659535101,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Technical Report<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak secondary to anterior osteophytes at the cervico-thoracic junction is a rare cause of intracranial hypotension. In this article we describe a technique for anterior repair of spontaneous ventral cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the upper thoracic spine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this technical report and operative video, we describe a 23-year-old male who presented with positional headaches and bilateral subdural hematoma. Dynamic CT myelography demonstrated a high flow ventral cerebrospinal fluid leak associated with a ventral osteophyte at the level of the T1-T2 disc space. Targeted blood patch provided only temporary improvement in symptoms. An anterior approach was chosen to remove the offending spur and micro-surgically repair the dural defect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient had complete resolution of his preoperative symptoms after primary repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In select cases, an anterior approach to the upper thoracic spine is effective to repair Type 1 cerebrospinal fluid leaks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231161303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T04:00:09Z","timestamp":1677902409000},"page":"1920-1923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anterior Thoracic Discectomy and Fusion for Symptomatic Ventral Bone Spur Associated Type I Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: A Technical Report and Operative Video"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8963-9676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fernandes-Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prateek","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Legarreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Schulien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9486-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hansen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David O","family":"Okonkwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21925682231161303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2101561"},{"key":"bibr2-21925682231161303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002986"},{"key":"bibr3-21925682231161303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.6.JNS211010"},{"key":"bibr4-21925682231161303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-022-01989-2"},{"key":"bibr5-21925682231161303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2022-018658"},{"key":"bibr6-21925682231161303","first-page":"2022","volume":"1","author":"Beck J","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"bibr7-21925682231161303","first-page":"30","volume":"13","author":"Lakshmanan P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"bibr8-21925682231161303","volume-title":"Anterior Thoracic Discectomy and Fusion: Surgical Technique and Anatomical Considerations","author":"Singh R","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr9-21925682231161303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.5.0614"}],"container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682231161303","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21925682231161303","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682231161303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:19:35Z","timestamp":1777447175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21925682231161303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21925682231161303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682231161303","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-5682","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-5690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]}}}