{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:51:38Z","timestamp":1789750298837,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000045","name":"Western Economic Diversification Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001702","name":"AO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009520","name":"Praxis Spinal Cord Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping Review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the literature and summarize information on checklists and algorithms for responding to intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts and management of intraoperative spinal cord injuries (ISCIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE\u00ae was searched from inception through January 26, 2022 as were sources of grey literature. We attempted to obtain guidelines and\/or consensus statements from the following sources: American Association of Neuromuscular &amp; Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, NASS (North American Spine Society), and other spine surgery organizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 16 studies reporting on management strategies for ISCIs, two were publications of consensus meetings which were conducted according to the Delphi method and eight were retrospective cohort studies. The remaining six studies were narrative reviews that proposed intraoperative checklists and management strategies for IONM alerts. Of note, 56% of included studies focused only on patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Intraoperative considerations and measures taken in the event of an ISCI are divided and reported in three categories of i) Anesthesiologic, ii) Neurophysiological\/Technical, and iii) Surgical management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a paucity of literature on comparative effectiveness and harms of management strategies in response to an IONM alert and possible ISCI. There is a pressing need to develop a standardized checklist and care pathway to avoid and minimize the risk of postoperative neurologic sequelae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231196505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1711369916000},"page":"150S-165S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury \u2013 A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nader","family":"Hejrati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery & Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9578-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisaharan","family":"Srikandarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Ali","family":"Alvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Quddusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay A.","family":"Tetreault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Guest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3393-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rex A.W.","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kirshblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan R.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Strantzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4622-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saumyajit","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kothari Medical Centre, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Evaniew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Skelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aggregate Analytics, Inc., Fircrest, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5722-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01476"},{"key":"bibr2-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.10.PEDS10212"},{"key":"bibr3-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01839"},{"key":"bibr4-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1756-z"},{"key":"bibr5-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199702000-00007"},{"key":"bibr6-21925682231196505","volume-title":"Safety in Spine Surgery: Transforming Patient Care and Optimizing Outcomes","author":"Vitale M","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr7-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1388-2457(02)00027-5"},{"key":"bibr8-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200204150-00009"},{"key":"bibr9-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199707010-00022"},{"key":"bibr10-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d8338e"},{"key":"bibr11-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200907000-00003"},{"key":"bibr12-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.FOCUS12235"},{"key":"bibr13-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181d970e3"},{"key":"bibr14-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.04.031"},{"key":"bibr15-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000229718.02478.c4"},{"key":"bibr16-21925682231196505","unstructured":"Anonymous. Procedure Manual | United States Preventive Services Taskforce. n.d. Available from: https:\/\/www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org\/uspstf\/about-uspstf\/methods-and-processes\/procedure-manual [Last accessed: 11\/7\/2022]."},{"key":"bibr17-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2014.05.003"},{"key":"bibr18-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-022-00485-w"},{"key":"bibr19-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000501256"},{"key":"bibr20-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182880378"},{"key":"bibr21-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2017.00008"},{"key":"bibr22-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000228724.01795.a2"},{"key":"bibr23-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318216124e"},{"key":"bibr24-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2020.0400"},{"key":"bibr25-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.12.PEDS13188"},{"key":"bibr26-21925682231196505","first-page":"281","volume":"23","author":"Bible J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"bibr27-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.FOCUS12263"},{"key":"bibr28-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066620962453"},{"key":"bibr29-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semss.2015.04.009"},{"key":"bibr30-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001044"},{"key":"bibr31-21925682231196505","unstructured":"Dismukes RK. Effects of Acute Stress on Aircrew Performance: Literature Review and Analysis of Operational Aspects. Moffett Field, CA, USA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; n.d.115."},{"key":"bibr32-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0810119"},{"key":"bibr33-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0911535"},{"key":"bibr34-21925682231196505","unstructured":"Anonymous. Part 3: Adult basic and advanced life support. n.d. Available from: https:\/\/cpr.heart.org\/en\/resuscitation-science\/cpr-and-ecc-guidelines\/adult-basic-and-advanced-life-support [Last accessed: 11\/4\/2022]."},{"key":"bibr35-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000782"},{"key":"bibr36-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182104859"},{"key":"bibr37-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199904000-00020"},{"key":"bibr38-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d5577d"},{"key":"bibr39-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200006010-00021"},{"key":"bibr40-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200210000-00006"},{"key":"bibr41-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200401000-00008"},{"key":"bibr42-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318276ee16"},{"key":"bibr43-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200210000-00004"},{"key":"bibr44-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199205000-00005"},{"key":"bibr45-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199909010-00009"},{"key":"bibr46-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC.2008.25.11.E15"},{"key":"bibr47-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(94)90020-5"},{"key":"bibr48-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(97)70365-3"},{"key":"bibr49-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0409"},{"key":"bibr50-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ISJ.ISJ_26_21"},{"key":"bibr51-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.08.009"},{"key":"bibr52-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217703085"},{"key":"bibr53-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7792"},{"key":"bibr54-21925682231196505","volume-title":"StatPearls Publishing: Treasure","author":"Harrington DW","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr55-21925682231196505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2013-001862"}],"container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682231196505","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21925682231196505","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682231196505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:12:02Z","timestamp":1777446722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21925682231196505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21925682231196505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682231196505","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-5682","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-5690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}