{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:59:45Z","timestamp":1793066385790,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"AO Spine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic Review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endoscopic cervical spine surgery (ECSS) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to traditional open surgery for certain cervical spine disorders. ECSS may offer potential advantages such as reduced tissue trauma, shorter hospital stays, and accelerated functional recovery. Technological advancements have further enhanced its feasibility. The purpose of this article is to review current ECSS approaches, systematically review ECSS for cervical stenosis, and explore future directions of ECSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched systematically until October 20, 2024, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. We searched keywords associated with cervical stenosis, including \u201cendoscopic cervical surgery\u201d, \u201cendoscopic cervical discectomy\u201d, \u201cendoscopic cervical foraminotomy\u201d, \u201ccervical endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression\u201d, and \u201cunilateral bilateral endoscopy\u201d. We excluded duplicate publications, review articles, preprints, and studies without clinical outcomes or incomplete information. Clinical outcomes and complications were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 12 studies were included with 2 studies being reported twice for having two different ECSS approaches. Each study reported postoperative improvement in clinical outcomes compared to preoperative measurements. The most common complications included dural tears, transient hypesthesia, and CSF leakage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ECSS is an emerging alternative for treating select cases of symptomatic cervical stenosis and other cervical conditions. Complications differed depending on the approach. Advancements in endoscopic instruments, navigational technologies, and artificial intelligence hold promise for improving preoperative planning, surgical precision, and patient outcomes. The true value of ECSS will require carefully conducted prospective, controlled studies with rigorous assessment of outcomes and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251369437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:06:34Z","timestamp":1767636394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Outcomes and Future Directions of Endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review With Narrative Insights"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9681-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rosalind Franklin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satheeshram","family":"Tamilselvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rosalind Franklin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Soo","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Okay Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5212-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Vedantam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney Rory","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Medical Center University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Evaniew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzondu F.","family":"Agochukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3715-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Margetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3775-2324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5722-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jefferson R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"St Michael\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6931-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit I.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000953"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.238"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/8160"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1836322.161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.299145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2000.10.309"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1999.11740888"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198901000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Discectomie cervicale percutan\u00e9e","volume":"17","author":"Tajima T","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tajima T, Sakamoto T, Yamakawa H. 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