{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:16:02Z","timestamp":1793297762224,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized Controlled Trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative pain after lumbar spine surgery remains a clinical challenge. Fluoroscopy-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been proposed as a feasible technique for reducing pain and opioid use, particularly when ultrasound guidance is not available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 80 patients undergoing two to five levels of posterior lumbar fusion with single-level discectomy and interbody fusion were assigned to receive either fluoroscopy-guided ESPB with ropivacaine, dexamethasone, and saline or placebo. Pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale), opioid consumption (Morphine Equivalent Dose), and other postoperative outcomes were assessed at 4, 24, 48, 72\u00a0h, and 6\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ESPB group reported significantly lower axial pain scores at 4 and 24\u00a0h postoperatively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001, respectively). Opioid consumption was also significantly lower in the ESPB group during the first 48\u00a0h (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed in radicular pain, patient satisfaction, time to ambulation, or hospital length of stay. At 6\u00a0months, both groups showed similar pain scores and rates of over-the-counter analgesic use. Infection rates were low and comparable between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fluoroscopy-guided ESPB appears to be a safe and effective adjunct for reducing early postoperative pain and opioid requirements following posterior lumbar fusion. However, its benefits diminish beyond the immediate postoperative period, and it does not significantly impact long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251378470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T17:20:46Z","timestamp":1757179246000},"page":"1232-1239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fluoroscopy-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block Reduces Early Postoperative Pain Following Lumbar Fusion: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pedram","family":"Jahangiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadegh","family":"Bagherzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faramarz","family":"Roohollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamkar","family":"Aeenfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9171-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza Faghih","family":"Jouibari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waseem","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hassan A.","family":"Nour El Dine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1296-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puya","family":"Alikhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.110647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06853-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2021.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2021.34.4.487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.S354111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.110090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.02.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1051-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231203653"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.02.147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211010740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(01)00349-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G G Mugesh KR Subramanian JB Chelliah S Shetty AP Rajasekaran S. 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