{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:22:33Z","timestamp":1785352953471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective propensity score\u2013matched cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is associated with a reduced risk of lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) and lumbar spine surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network. Adult patients with T2DM initiating GLP-1 RA therapy were matched 1:1 with non-users based on demographics, comorbidities, and medication use. Patients with pre-existing LDD or prior lumbar spine surgery were excluded. Primary outcome was the incidence of LDD; secondary outcome was lumbar spine surgery. Outcomes were assessed at 3- and 5-year intervals, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 196\u00a0435 matched pairs were analyzed. At 3\u00a0years, GLP-1 RA users had a lower incidence of LDD (11.9% vs 13.3%; OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87-0.91). At 5\u00a0years, this difference widened (14.6% vs 18.7%; OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.73-0.74). Lumbar spine surgery rates were similar at 3\u00a0years (0.4% in both groups; OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.93-1.14), but significantly lower in GLP-1 RA users at 5\u00a0years (0.5% vs 0.6%; OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.92).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1 RA use is associated with a lower long-term risk of developing LDD and undergoing lumbar spine surgery in patients with T2DM. These findings support further investigation of GLP-1 RAs as potential disease-modifying agents in spinal health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251383170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T07:06:51Z","timestamp":1758697611000},"page":"1418-1422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use With Risk of Lumbar Degenerative Disease and Spine Surgery in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score\u2013matched Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9618-3267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Yu","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobi Medical Center"},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junmin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobi Medical Center"},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changhua Christian Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5335-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Min","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi-Mei Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218770769"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.11.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw162"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14752"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19897"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106320"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci29069"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0000000000001800"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp356"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231761.73859.2c"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0217-y"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","first-page":"4800","article-title":"Liraglutide suppresses TNF-\u03b1-induced degradation of extracellular matrix in human chondrocytes: a therapeutic implication in osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"Mei J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mei J, Sun J, Wu J, Zheng X. Liraglutide suppresses TNF-\u03b1-induced degradation of extracellular matrix in human chondrocytes: a therapeutic implication in osteoarthritis. 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