{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:16Z","timestamp":1792787776760,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFC2507702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2507702"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82472789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review blood biomarker profiles in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and evaluate their pathophysiological implications and clinical potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies examining blood-based biomarkers in AIS patients, including alterations in vitamin D, calcium, trace elements, sex hormones, leptin, melatonin, growth hormone, ghrelin, bone metabolism factors, microRNAs, proteomic and metabolomic profiles. Relevant findings were synthesized to elucidate systemic biological alterations associated with AIS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consistent vitamin D and calcium deficiencies, hormonal dysregulation (leptin, estrogen, ghrelin), altered trace element levels (selenium), and distinct changes in bone metabolism markers (osteocalcin, P1NP, RANKL) were observed in AIS patients. Emerging evidence supports the involvement of specific microRNAs and proteomic\/metabolomic profiles in AIS pathogenesis and curve progression. These blood biomarkers exhibit potential for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood biomarkers offer valuable insights into the systemic pathophysiology of AIS and may serve as accessible tools for improving early detection, progression monitoring, and personalized management of AIS. Further longitudinal and multi-omics studies are warranted to validate their clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251383485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T21:26:43Z","timestamp":1761686803000},"page":"1575-1587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Blood Biomarker Profiles in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Literature Review of Pathophysiological Insights and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2428-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaolong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7843-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9809-1219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junlin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181bcc835"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c7cb8c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.104B8.BJJ-2021-1638.R1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv463"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2008.203"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"532","article-title":"[Association of matrix metalloproteinase 9 polymorphisms with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Chinese Han female]","volume":"28","author":"Huang DS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang DS, Liang GY, Su PQ. [Association of matrix metalloproteinase 9 polymorphisms with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Chinese Han female]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2011;28(5):532-535.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000216603.91330.6f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3180b9f0ff"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001095"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e3180d09dcc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1385-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a3c7a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1250118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00313-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02114-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06793-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/8189"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2019.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0013.5072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378877"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"A six years longitudinal cohort study on the changes in bone density and bone quality up to peak bone mass in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without 2 years of Calcium and Vit-D supplementation","volume":"280","author":"Lam TP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lam TP, Yang G, Pang H, et al. A six years longitudinal cohort study on the changes in bone density and bone quality up to peak bone mass in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without 2 years of Calcium and Vit-D supplementation. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2021;280:31-34.","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.12.6.1127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:89:2:105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20629"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2742-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01988-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a59e5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.08.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318227dd0c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53757-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B3.0820399"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000207"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and osteopenia","volume":"6","author":"Chiru M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chiru M. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and osteopenia. Maedica (Bucur). 2011;6(1):17-22.","journal-title":"Maedica (Bucur)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","first-page":"fj201800281","article-title":"Aberrant miR-145-5p\/\u03b2-catenin signal impairs osteocyte function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","author":"Zhang J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J, Chen H, Leung RKK, et al. Aberrant miR-145-5p\/\u03b2-catenin signal impairs osteocyte function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. FASEB J. 2018;fj201800281.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21146-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519889438"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010570"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4243015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88985-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.202100002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198005000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199002000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211010-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-023-00531-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678008990874"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"The concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"28","author":"Raczkowski JW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raczkowski JW. The concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2007;28(3):302-304.","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-2-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199609010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2021.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199605150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2142186.093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004853"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198802000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1976.tb04930.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214927"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-015-0054-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9784083"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0390-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901227R"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1805-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000197410.92525.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197708000-00005"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","first-page":"387","article-title":"The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"31","author":"Ahn UM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ahn UM, Ahn NU, Nallamshetty L, et al. The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Am J Orthoped. 2002;31(7):387-395.","journal-title":"Am J Orthoped"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387025-4.00007-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070214"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","first-page":"154","article-title":"Contractile protein studies on platelets from patients with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"11","author":"Muhlrad A","year":"1982","unstructured":"Muhlrad A, Yarom R. Contractile protein studies on platelets from patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Haemostasis. 1982;11(3):154-160.","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198509000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537100600758719"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199202000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19911001-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52628\/89.3.10621"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr556"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.147405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1308931"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.R200007-MCP200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(00)00118-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2640-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5537811"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2022.04.005"}],"container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682251383485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21925682251383485","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682251383485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:16:44Z","timestamp":1777447004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21925682251383485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21925682251383485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682251383485","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-5682","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-5690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]}}}