{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:03:27Z","timestamp":1791576207514,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether 3D-printed titanium (3DTi) cages reduce the risk of revision surgery compared to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages in standalone lateral lumbar interbody fusion (SA-LLIF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SA-LLIF procedures performed between 09\/2018 and 08\/2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Minimum follow-up was 2\u00a0years. Baseline characteristics and surgical details were compared between those treated with 3DTi and those with PEEK. Univariable, multivariable Poisson, and hierarchical mixed-effects Poisson regression models were performed to identify independent predictors. Secondary analyses examined differences in timing and types of revision surgeries between the 2 implant types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 233 patients (43.8% female) were included, with a median age of 65\u00a0years (IQR: 56-71), BMI of 28.0 (IQR: 24.7-32.1), and a median of 2 levels fused (range 1-4). Overall, 17.6% underwent revision surgery, with a mean time to revision of 26 \u00b1 16\u00a0months. Revisions were more frequent after PEEK (26.3%) vs 3DTi (13.0%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017). In multivariable analysis adjusting for follow-up and surgical levels, 3DTi was independently associated with reduced revision risk (RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.90;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.027), which remained significant in a hierarchical mixed-effects model accounting for surgeon-level variation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042). Early revisions (&lt;2\u00a0years) were more common with PEEK (13.8% vs 4.1%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), while late revisions (&gt;2\u00a0years) were similar (11.5% vs 8.9%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.521).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D-printed titanium cages in SA-LLIF was associated with lower revision risk compared to PEEK, particularly in the early postoperative period. These findings support the implementation of 3Dti implants to improve surgical outcomes in SA-LLIF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251383879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:20:26Z","timestamp":1759191626000},"page":"1515-1524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["3D-Printed Titanium: Game-Changer for Standalone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion? An Analysis of Risk Factors for Revision Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-1952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco D.","family":"Burkhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7663-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali E.","family":"Guven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce","family":"Demopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5622-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4381-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"Stepan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Mielke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7473-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"K\u00f6hli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hambrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Verna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9646-2397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Chiapparelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Shue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico P.","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank P.","family":"Cammisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3014-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Sama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"Pimenta L. 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