{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:07:35Z","timestamp":1792598855752,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic Review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infection following vertebral augmentation using Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) and percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PBK) is an exceedingly rare, but potentially life-threatening complication. This systematic review evaluates the microbiological characteristics, risk factors, treatment strategies and outcomes of these infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, and Mendeley databases (2000-2025) were systematically reviewed. Inclusion criteria involved case cohorts of more than 5 adult patients with infections following PV or PBK. Data on the initial procedure, demographics, infection biomarkers, neurologic status, comorbidities, causative pathogens, treatment protocols, and outcomes were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 102 patients from 8 studies were included (mean follow-up: 22.9\u00a0months). Most were female (64.7%) with a mean age of 71.0\u00a0years (range: 50-95). The mean time interval from the initial procedure to infection diagnosis was 5.2\u00a0months (range: 0.03-85.2). The most common pathogen was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (35.3%). The mean infection biomarkers were CRP 36.77\u00a0mg\/dL (range: 0.05-343), ESR 56.98\u00a0mm\/h (range: 6-126), and WBC 8.53 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (range: 2.09-22.35). Seven patients (6.1%) were treated conservatively, while 95 patients (93.1%) underwent revision surgery. Outcomes were reported for 89 patients (87%). Final follow-up showed that 34 patients (38%) achieved normal mobility, 22 patients (25%) had assisted mobility (crutches or walker), and 11 patients (12%) required a wheelchair. The mobility status was unclear for 11 patients (12%). The mortality rate was 12.3%. Post-treatment mobility was strongly dependent on preoperative neurologic status (OR = 6.0,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-augmentation spinal infections are rare but serious. Outcomes are strongly influenced by preoperative neurological status, while pathogen type and patient comorbidities have limited prognostic impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251384614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T04:58:55Z","timestamp":1759208335000},"page":"1598-1607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Infection Following Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors, Treatment Options and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5818-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Zampetakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Heraklion \u201cVenizeleio-Pananeio\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis M.","family":"Stavrakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Heraklion \u201cVenizeleio-Pananeio\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosmas","family":"Samartzidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Heraklion \u201cVenizeleio-Pananeio\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8935-5566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Chaniotakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Heraklion \u201cVenizeleio-Pananeio\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christothea-Alexandra","family":"Tsiridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of London"},{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Koutserimpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Alpantaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Heraklion \u201cVenizeleio-Pananeio\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v13.i6.564"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3947368"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-007-9013-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000229254.89952.6b"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1083-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.18.3.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568220976355"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26574\/maedica.2022.17.1.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0468-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/9\/9\/265"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-024-05205-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.14030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3486-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.102796"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2018.345"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00099"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2013.7.4.294"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-022-04392-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1388-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1384-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-018-3467-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cff4f6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.MS653001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051478"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2024051157"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1066269"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.100919"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040476"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-03955-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2016.186"}],"container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682251384614","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/21925682251384614","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/21925682251384614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:16:48Z","timestamp":1777447008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/21925682251384614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/21925682251384614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682251384614","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-5682","2192-5690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-5682","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-5690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]}}}