{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:15:59Z","timestamp":1793391359102,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective multicenter study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of spondylodiscitis in patients with intravenous drug abuse (IVDU) and compare them with non-IVDU patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 575 patients diagnosed with spondylodiscitis between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2023 from three high-volume spine centers was analyzed. Of these, 33 (5.74%) were patients with IVDU, and 542 (94.26%) were non-IVDU patients. Clinical characteristics, bacterial spectrum, and treatment outcomes, including revision surgery rates and cure rates, were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with IVDU were significantly younger (mean age 43.9 \u00b1 9.1\u00a0years) compared to non-IVDU patients (mean age 70.5 \u00b1 11.9\u00a0years) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001). The median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was significantly lower in IVDU patients (1, IQR: 0-3) compared to non-IVDU patients (4, IQR: 3-6) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001). The bacterial spectrum was similar between both groups, with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      as the most frequent pathogen. Revision surgery rates were comparable; however, among patients requiring revision, recurrent or progressive discitis was more frequently the cause in IVDU patients (55.6%) compared to non-IVDU patients (17.9%). At 10-week follow-up, 87.9% of non-IVDU patients were cured, while only 57.9% of IVDU patients achieved a cure (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0018).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IVDU patients with spondylodiscitis are younger and have fewer comorbidities than non-IVDU patients. Contrary to common assumptions, they do not present with more severe infections. However, they experience higher relapse and progression rates, highlighting the need for tailored treatment strategies in this high-risk group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251399092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T22:13:49Z","timestamp":1763504029000},"page":"2192-2201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Outcomes and Challenges in the Management of Spondylodiscitis in Patients With Intravenous Drug Abuse: A Multicenter Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8148-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolin","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Delank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6439-3665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Wostrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudius","family":"Jelgersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-6789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Tkatschenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Onken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Neuhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vajkoczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7514-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Joerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103373"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000597"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821002181"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47341-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221121300"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.28019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3912-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31802c144a"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266663"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-014-9511-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","unstructured":"UNODC. 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