{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:42:50Z","timestamp":1789544570922,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-006-075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-006-075"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 114-2314-B-006-050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2314-B-006-050"]}]},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan","award":["NCKUH-11402019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCKUH-11402019"]}]},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan","award":["NCKUH-11406014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCKUH-11406014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Network Meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of minimally invasive (MIS-), full endoscopic (FE-), and biportal endoscopic (BE-) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov registry were searched up to August 2025. Randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies of intervention comparing MIS-TLIF, FE-TLIF, and BE-TLIF for lumbar degenerative diseases were included. Network meta-analysis was conducted using the frequentist framework, with meta-regressions assessing effect modifiers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>49 studies (4188 patients) were included. FE-TLIF and BE-TLIF significantly reduced back pain vs MIS-TLIF from 1 month postoperatively through final follow-up. However, leg pain showed no significant differences among the three approaches. FE-TLIF and BE-TLIF demonstrated superior short- and mid-term functional outcomes, with FE-TLIF achieving the shortest hospital stay. Both endoscopic techniques reduced blood loss compared to MIS-TLIF. Long-term functional improvement, fusion rates, and complication rates were comparable, though FE-TLIF and BE-TLIF required longer operative times. Meta-regression suggested greater back pain relief in older patients following FE-TLIF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BE-TLIF and FE-TLIF are safe techniques offering advantages over MIS-TLIF, including greater back pain reduction, improved short-term function, shorter hospital stays, and reduced blood loss. However, both require longer operative times. Meta-regression analysis suggested a promising signal that FE-TLIF may provide greater back pain relief in older patients. MIS-TLIF remains viable for those with higher anesthesia risk or significant cardiopulmonary comorbidities. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings and refine patient selection criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251408367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1766209972000},"page":"2040-2049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive, Full-Endoscopic, and Biportal Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Degenerative Diseases: A Network Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiao-Yi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital"},{"name":", College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung 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